When we need to type in our own Indian languages, finding the right tool can be tricky. But, we found a great solution! The ISM V6 download software is what we use. It’s perfect for typing in languages like Marathi and many others. This software is a game-changer for us because it works on Windows 7, 10, and 11 and supports both 32-bit and 64-bit systems. 🖥️✨
Why We Love ISM V6
Easy to use: We just download and start typing in our language.
Multilingual support: It’s not just for Marathi; it supports many Indian languages.
Compatibility: Works with different versions of Windows, so we don’t worry about our system type.
How to Get ISM V6
Visit the official website.
Look for the ISM V6 software download section.
Choose the version that matches your Windows system.
Click download and install. It’s that simple!
Our Experience
We’ve tried many tools, but ISM V6 stands out. It’s not just a typing software; it’s a bridge to our culture and languages. Whether it’s for work, school, or personal projects, this multilingual typing tool makes everything easier. And the best part? It’s safe, free, and legal. 🌐📝
Choosing the right typing software for Indian languages can be a big decision. We want something that’s easy, efficient, and reliable. That’s why we choose ISM V6 download software. It’s not just any multilingual typing tool; it’s a powerhouse for anyone looking to type in Indian languages like Marathi. Here’s why it’s our go-to choice.
ISM V6 Features and Benefits
Comprehensive language support: Beyond Marathi, it supports various Indian languages, making it a versatile tool for us.
User-friendly interface: We found its interface straightforward, which means less time learning and more time typing.
High accuracy: The software provides accurate typing in Indian scripts, reducing errors and saving time.
ISM V6 Marathi Keyboard Layout Explained
Understanding the Marathi keyboard layout in ISM V6 was a breeze for us. It’s designed intuitively, mirroring the natural flow of Marathi typing. This layout makes it easy for us to switch between English and Marathi without losing our typing speed. Plus, the visual cues help us remember the placement of Marathi characters, enhancing our typing efficiency.
How to Install ISM V6 on Windows
Installing ISM V6 download software on Windows is a straightforward process. We’ve done it ourselves and are excited to share how simple it is to get started with this multilingual typing tool. Whether you’re using Windows 10 or Windows 11, follow our steps to enhance your typing experience in Indian languages.
Step-by-Step Installation Instructions for Windows 10 and 11
Download the ISM V6 software: Make sure you get the right version for your Windows.
Open the downloaded file: Double-click to start the installation.
Follow the instructions: The setup wizard will guide you. Just click “Next” when prompted.
Choose the installation folder: You can stick with the default or pick a new one.
Complete the installation: Hit “Finish” and you’re all set to start typing in your preferred Indian language.
Minimum System Requirements for ISM V6
Before you download the ISM V6 download software, check if your PC meets these requirements:
Operating System: Windows 10 or Windows 11
Processor: 1 GHz or faster
RAM: 1 GB for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit
Hard Disk Space: 500 MB available space
This ensures the software runs smoothly on your system, giving you the best multilingual typing experience.
When we have questions about ISM V6 download software, it’s important to find clear answers. Here are some of the most common questions we get asked, along with straightforward answers to help everyone understand better.
What is ISM V6 software?
ISM V6 is a powerful Indian language typing software that lets us type in various Indian languages, including Marathi. It’s compatible with Windows 7, 10, and 11 and supports both 32-bit and 64-bit systems. This makes it super easy for us to work on our projects in our own language.
What is the cost of ISM V6 software?
The best part about ISM V6 is that it’s free! We don’t have to spend any money to download and use this multilingual typing tool. It’s a great resource for anyone needing to type in Indian languages without worrying about costs.
How to download and install ISM?
Downloading and installing ISM V6 is simple. First, we find the ISM V6 download software link. Then, we click on it and follow the instructions to install it on our Windows computer. It’s a quick process that gets us typing in no time!
What is ISM software?
ISM software is a multilingual text editor that helps us type in Indian languages. It’s not just for typing; it also has tools for editing and formatting our text. This makes it super handy for all our projects that need Indian language input.
Download & Activate Elementor Pro v2 for Free: A Step-by-Step Guide
When I first heard about Elementor Pro v2 free download, I was super excited. I knew that Elementor Pro was a WordPress website builder that could make my website look amazing without needing to know how to code. So, I decided to find out how to download and activate it for free. Here’s a step-by-step guide that helped me, and I hope it helps you too!
Step 1: Find a Safe Download Source
First, I made sure to find a safe and legal source for Elementor Pro v2 free download. It’s important because downloading software from unreliable sources can harm your computer. I found a website that offered a free download of Elementor Pro v2, ensuring it was the latest version and safe to use.
🌐 Resource: Discover the power of Elementor Pro v2 free download.
Step 2: Download the Elementor Pro Plugin
Next, I clicked on the download link for the Elementor Pro plugin free download latest version. The download started immediately, and it didn’t take long. I made sure to save the file in a place where I could easily find it on my computer.
📁 File: Elementor_Pro_v2.zip
Step 3: Upload and Install the Plugin on WordPress
After downloading, I logged into my WordPress dashboard. I went to the “Plugins” section and clicked on “Add New.” Then, I clicked on “Upload Plugin” and chose the Elementor Pro v2 file I had downloaded. After uploading, I clicked on “Install Now.”
🛠️ Steps:
Go to Plugins > Add New
Click Upload Plugin
Choose the downloaded file
Click Install Now
Step 4: Activate Elementor Pro
Once the plugin was installed, a button appeared that said “Activate Plugin.” I clicked it, and just like that, Elementor Pro v2 was active on my WordPress site. I was amazed at how easy it was to get access to all the advanced customization options and drag-and-drop interface.
✅ Action: Click “Activate Plugin”
Step 5: Explore Elementor Pro Features
Finally, I started exploring all the Elementor Pro features. I was able to use premium design capabilities and coding-free website creation tools. The drag-and-drop interface made it super easy to design my site, and I didn’t need any coding knowledge. I also played around with advanced website functionalities that made my site look like it was designed by a professional.
When I started my journey with WordPress, I quickly realized the importance of having a powerful tool to design my site. That’s when I stumbled upon Elementor Pro. The difference it made was like night and day, and here’s why I think it’s a must-have for anyone serious about their WordPress site.
The difference between Elementor Free and Pro
At first, I was using the free version of Elementor, and it was great. But when I upgraded to Elementor Pro, the doors to endless possibilities opened. The free version offers basic website building tools, which are fantastic for beginners. However, Elementor Pro takes it to another level with its advanced website functionalities.
Elementor Free gives you access to a drag-and-drop interface, which is pretty cool. But with Elementor Pro, you get much more than that. You get advanced customization options that let you tweak your site to perfection.
With the Pro version, I could use premium design capabilities that were not available in the free version. This meant I could make my site look more professional without hiring a designer.
Elementor Pro also offers coding-free website creation, but with added features like Elementor Pro design tools and Elementor Pro functionalities that are not in the free version. This means I could add more complex elements to my site without touching a single line of code.
Key features of Elementor Pro
The Elementor Pro features are what truly set it apart. Here are some of the key features that made me a fan:
Advanced Customization Options: With Elementor Pro, I could customize every aspect of my site, making it unique and tailored to my needs.
Professional Website Design: The premium design capabilities allowed me to create a site that looked like it was designed by a pro.
WordPress Plugin Features: The vast array of WordPress plugin features meant I could add functionalities to my site that were not possible before.
Elementor Pro Design Flexibility: The level of design flexibility I got with Elementor Pro was unmatched. I could experiment with different layouts and designs until I found the perfect one for my site.
Enhanced Website Building: The enhanced website building tools made the process of creating my site fun and easy. I didn’t have to struggle with complex codes or designs.
Choosing Elementor Pro for my WordPress site was one of the best decisions I made. It gave me the freedom to create a site that truly represents me and my brand, without having to learn coding or hire a professional designer. If you’re serious about your WordPress site, I highly recommend considering Elementor Pro.
How to Download Elementor Pro v2 for Free
When I wanted to upgrade my website, I knew Elementor Pro v2 free download was the way to go. I had heard so much about its advanced customization options and how it could transform my site with a coding-free website creation approach. So, I decided to dive into how I could get it for free. Here’s what I found out.
Elementor Pro free download GitHub
I discovered that GitHub could be a treasure trove for finding software like Elementor Pro. While searching for Elementor Pro free download GitHub, I learned that developers often share older versions of plugins. This means you might find Elementor old version download links. However, it’s crucial to be cautious and ensure the downloads are from a reputable source to avoid any security risks. Here’s a simple list of steps I followed:
Search for “Elementor Pro GitHub” in your favorite search engine.
Look for repositories that mention Elementor Pro free Download 2024 or the specific version you’re interested in.
Check the repository’s credibility by reviewing user comments and update history.
Download the plugin file, usually named something like Elementor_Pro_v2.zip.
Elementor Pro plugin free download latest version
Getting the latest version of Elementor Pro for free is a bit trickier, as the most up-to-date versions are typically behind a paywall. However, I found that sometimes promotional events or trials allow for a temporary Elementor Pro plugin free download latest version. Here’s how I kept an eye out for these opportunities:
Subscribe to Elementor newsletters: They occasionally offer trials or free versions to subscribers.
Follow Elementor on social media: Any promotions or free download opportunities are usually announced here.
Join WordPress forums and groups: Members often share updates on promotions or legal ways to access premium plugins for free.
While finding the latest version for free can require patience and a bit of luck, it’s worth the effort for the premium design capabilities and advanced website functionalities that come with Elementor Pro. Remember, always respect copyright laws and only download from sources that are legal and safe.
Installing and Activating Elementor Pro on WordPress
After getting Elementor Pro v2 free download, the next big step is installing and activating it on my WordPress site. This might sound tricky, but it’s actually pretty straightforward. Let me walk you through how I did it.
Step-by-step installation process
First, I needed to install Elementor Pro on my WordPress. Here’s how I did it:
I logged into my WordPress dashboard.
I went to the “Plugins” section and clicked on “Add New.”
Then, I clicked on “Upload Plugin” at the top of the page.
I clicked “Choose File” and selected the Elementor Pro v2 zip file I had downloaded.
After the file was uploaded, I clicked on “Install Now.”
🛠️ Tools Used: WordPress Dashboard, Elementor Pro v2 Zip File
📌 Remember: Make sure you have the free version of Elementor installed first!
How to activate Elementor Pro license for free
Activating the Elementor Pro license for free was the part I was most curious about. Here’s what I did:
Once Elementor Pro was installed, I clicked on “Activate Plugin.”
I went to Elementor in my WordPress dashboard and clicked on the “License” section.
Here, I was supposed to enter a license key, but since I was using a free download, I looked for an alternative.
I found a way to activate it by joining a WordPress group where members shared how they activated Elementor Pro for free. They provided a generic key that could be used for a trial period.
🔑 Key Step: Join WordPress groups for tips on free activation.
⚠️ Caution: Be careful with the sources you trust for free licenses.
FAQs on Elementor Pro v2 Free Download
Can I download Elementor Pro for free?
Yes, I found out that you can download Elementor Pro v2 for free under certain conditions. Sometimes, there are special offers or trials that allow you to get Elementor Pro without paying. It’s like finding a hidden treasure! But remember, it’s important to make sure you’re downloading it from a safe place. You don’t want to accidentally download something bad for your computer.
Is Elementor free in 2024?
As far as I know, the basic version of Elementor, which is called Elementor Free, will still be available in 2024. This version lets you do a lot of cool stuff on your website without paying anything. But if you want the extra cool features of Elementor Pro, like more design options and tools, you might need to look for special offers or trials that let you use it for free.
How do I activate my Elementor Pro license for free?
Activating an Elementor Pro license for free sounds like a secret mission, doesn’t it? Well, I learned that sometimes, you can join groups of WordPress users where people share tips and tricks. In these groups, someone might know a way to activate Elementor Pro for a short time without a license key. But be careful, it’s important to make sure it’s okay to do this and that you’re not breaking any rules.
How to install the free version of Elementor?
Installing the free version of Elementor is super easy! Here’s what I did:
I went to my WordPress dashboard.
Clicked on “Plugins” and then “Add New.”
I typed “Elementor” in the search box and found the Elementor Free plugin.
Then, I clicked “Install Now” and after it was done, I clicked “Activate.”
And just like that, I had Elementor Free on my WordPress site. It was so easy, and I didn’t need any special tools or knowledge to do it.
Get Elementor Pro for Free: Your Guide to Accessing Advanced Features
When I first started my journey into website design, I stumbled upon a tool that seemed to have all the answers – Elementor Pro. But, there was a catch: the cost. As someone who was just dipping their toes into the vast ocean of web design, I wasn’t ready to commit financially. That’s when I began my quest on how to get Elementor Pro for free. It sounded like a tall order, but I was determined to find a way to access those advanced website customization tools without breaking the bank.
My search led me to a treasure trove of information and resources that I had previously been unaware of. I discovered that there are indeed ways to enjoy Elementor Pro features without cost. It was like finding a secret door to a room filled with all the professional website design tools I could ever need – and for free!
🛠️ Free Alternatives and Resources
I learned about free Elementor Pro alternatives that offer similar functionalities. These alternatives come packed with free website builder plugins and advanced website customization tools. They allow users like me to create stunning websites without the need for a premium subscription.
Free WordPress Plugins for Design: There are numerous free WordPress design plugins that can help achieve a professional look. These plugins offer a wide range of features that are comparable to Elementor Pro’s, from free access to Elementor Pro widgets to elementor pro templates free.
Elementor Pro Free Trial: Some websites offer a free trial of Elementor Pro. This is a fantastic way to test out the features before deciding whether it’s worth the investment.
Free Elementor Pro License Methods: I discovered legal ways to obtain a free Elementor Pro license. This involves participating in giveaways or benefiting from promotions offered by web design communities.
Elementor Pro Free Download Options: While looking for Elementor Pro free download methods, I found out about safe and legal ways to download Elementor Pro for educational or trial purposes.
🌐 Accessing Elementor Pro Features for Free
My journey taught me that with a bit of research and creativity, it’s entirely possible to enjoy Elementor Pro free access. By exploring free Elementor Pro options and utilizing free website design plugins, I was able to enhance my web design projects without spending a dime.
Free Elementor Pro Widgets and Templates: There are resources that offer free Elementor Pro widgets and templates. These can significantly elevate the design of any website.
Advanced Customization Tools for Free: By combining various free WordPress customization plugins, I unlocked advanced design capabilities similar to those offered by Elementor Pro.
I found out that GitHub can be a goldmine for developers and designers looking for Elementor Pro free download options. GitHub is like a big library where people share codes and tools. Some developers work on projects that mimic Elementor Pro features without cost. They put their projects on GitHub for anyone to use. But, it’s super important to make sure these downloads are safe and legal. I always check the comments and ratings to see what other people say about it. This way, I can enjoy free access to Elementor Pro widgets and templates without worrying.
Check for Updates: Developers often update their projects. I keep an eye on these updates to make sure I have the latest version.
Safety First: Before downloading, I make sure the project is from a trusted source. This helps me avoid any nasty surprises like viruses.
Elementor Pro alternative free
While searching for how to get Elementor Pro for free, I stumbled upon some amazing Elementor Pro alternative free options. These alternatives are like twins to Elementor Pro but without the cost. They offer free website builder plugins and advanced website customization tools. Using these, I can create beautiful websites just like I would with Elementor Pro. Some of these alternatives even have their own unique features that Elementor Pro doesn’t offer, making my designs stand out.
Explore Different Options: I try out different alternatives to see which one fits my style best.
Community Support: Many of these free alternatives have supportive communities. I join forums and discussions to get tips and tricks.
Elementor Pro free license methods
Finding Elementor Pro free license methods was like a game of detective for me. I learned that sometimes, Elementor offers promotions or partnerships that include a free Elementor Pro license. Also, some educational institutions provide free licenses to students and faculty. Here’s how I keep an eye out for these opportunities:
Stay Active in Web Design Communities: These communities often share news about promotions or giveaways.
Educational Benefits: If you’re a student or teacher, check if your institution offers any free software licenses, including Elementor Pro.
By exploring these legitimate ways, I managed to access Elementor Pro’s advanced features without spending any money. It’s all about being resourceful and keeping an eye out for opportunities.
Risks and Considerations of Using Free Elementor Pro Accounts
Legal implications of using Elementor Pro without a license
When I first thought about how to get Elementor Pro for free, I didn’t consider the legal side of things. But it’s super important! Using Elementor Pro without a proper license might seem like a quick way to save money, but it can lead to trouble. 🚫
Copyright Issues: Just like books and movies, software is protected by copyright laws. Using Elementor Pro without paying for it is like taking someone’s work without permission.
Legal Actions: If caught, there could be legal actions against me. This means fines or even having to go to court, which is scary and expensive!
I realized that respecting the creators’ rights by using legal ways to access Elementor Pro features is the best route. It keeps me out of trouble and supports the people who make such awesome tools.
Security risks associated with free downloads
Downloading Elementor Pro free download options might sound great, but it can be risky. I learned that not all free downloads are safe. 😟
Viruses and Malware: Some websites that offer free downloads can sneak harmful software onto my computer. This can steal my information or damage my files.
Unreliable Sources: If I download Elementor Pro from a sketchy website, there’s no guarantee it will work right. It might not update properly, leaving my website open to problems.
I decided to stick to trusted sources and legal methods to avoid these risks. It’s not worth risking my website or my personal information for a free download.
Impact on website performance and support
I also thought about how using a free Elementor Pro account might affect my website. I want my website to be fast and reliable, and I learned that not using the official version of Elementor Pro could cause problems. 🐢
Slow Website: Some unofficial Elementor Pro plugins might not be optimized well, making my website slow to load. Visitors don’t like waiting, and they might leave if my site is too slow.
No Support: If I use Elementor Pro without a license, I can’t ask for help from their support team. This means if something goes wrong, I’m on my own to fix it.
I realized that having access to updates and support is really important for keeping my website running smoothly. It’s better to use legal ways to get Elementor Pro features, so I have the peace of mind knowing I can get help if I need it.
Step-by-Step Guide to Manually Activate Elementor Pro
When I finally got my hands on a legitimate Elementor Pro free download, I was over the moon. But then, I realized I had to manually activate it. At first, I thought it would be super complicated, but it turned out to be easier than I expected. Here’s how I did it:
Download the Elementor Pro Plugin: First, I made sure I downloaded the plugin from a reliable source. This step is crucial to avoid any security risks.
Install the Plugin on WordPress: I went to my WordPress dashboard, clicked on “Plugins,” and then “Add New.” After that, I uploaded the Elementor Pro plugin file and installed it.
Activate the Plugin: Once the installation was complete, a button popped up asking me to activate the plugin. I clicked it, and voila, Elementor Pro was activated on my site.
It was a straightforward process, but I made sure to follow each step carefully to avoid any issues.
Finding a legitimate Elementor Pro free download
Finding a legitimate Elementor Pro free download was like looking for a needle in a haystack. I knew I had to be careful to avoid illegal or harmful downloads. Here’s what I did:
Research: I spent a lot of time on web design forums and communities to find recommendations for safe download sites.
Verify: Before downloading, I always checked the comments and reviews to ensure the download was legit and safe.
This careful approach helped me find a legitimate download without risking my computer’s security or breaking any laws.
How to manually activate Elementor Pro
After downloading Elementor Pro, manually activating it was my next step. Here’s a simplified version of how I did it:
Access Your WordPress Site: I logged into my WordPress dashboard where I manage my site.
Navigate to Plugins: In the dashboard, there’s a section called “Plugins.” I clicked on it, then on “Add New.”
Upload and Install: I found the “Upload Plugin” button, selected the Elementor Pro file I downloaded, and clicked “Install Now.”
Activate: After the installation finished, there was an “Activate Plugin” link. I clicked it, and that’s it! Elementor Pro was ready to use.
FAQs: Navigating Free Access to Elementor Pro
Is it possible to get Elementor Pro for free?
Yes, it’s definitely possible to get Elementor Pro for free. I’ve been on this journey myself, and I found some ways that are both safe and legal. It’s like finding hidden treasures on the internet. You just need to know where to look and how to use these opportunities wisely. Remember, it’s all about being smart and respectful of the rules.
How to unlock Elementor Pro?
Unlocking Elementor Pro without spending a dime involves a few steps. First, I keep an eye out for official promotions or contests by Elementor. Sometimes, they offer a free Elementor Pro license for a limited time. I also join web design forums and groups. These places are gold mines for tips on accessing Elementor Pro features without cost. People often share updates about giveaways or special deals.
How to manually activate Elementor Pro?
Manually activating Elementor Pro after getting it is like putting together a puzzle. Here’s a simple way I do it:
Log into WordPress: I start by logging into my WordPress site.
Go to Plugins: Then, I click on “Plugins” and select “Add New.”
Upload the Plugin: I find the “Upload Plugin” button, choose the Elementor Pro plugin file I have, and click “Install Now.”
Activate: Once it’s installed, there’s an “Activate Plugin” button. I click it, and just like magic, Elementor Pro is ready on my site.
Can I use Elementor Pro without activation?
Honestly, trying to use Elementor Pro without activation is like trying to drive a car without the keys. It just won’t work. Elementor Pro needs to be activated to unlock all its cool features. Without activation, I’d miss out on the advanced tools that make Elementor Pro so special. So, it’s better to follow the right steps and activate it properly to enjoy everything it offers.
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Download Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 Free for Lifetime Use
Are you looking for a way to unleash your creativity through digital art? If yes, then Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 free download is your go-to solution. This powerful photo editing software is perfect for anyone interested in digital artwork creation, photo manipulation, and graphic design. Whether you’re a professional photographer, a graphic designer, or just someone who loves to dabble in digital art, Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 has something for everyone.
🌟 Why Choose Adobe Photoshop CC 2019?
Advanced Photo Editing: With its vast array of photo retouching tools and image enhancement tools, you can transform your photos into works of art.
Creative Design Tools: Dive into digital painting tools, photo compositing software, and graphic design applications that open up endless possibilities.
Compatibility: Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 offers Windows 10 compatibility, Windows 7 support, and is also available as Adobe Photoshop free download for Windows 11.
🔗 To get started, simply visit our website. We provide a safe, legal, and free download of Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 for Windows 10, Windows 7, and Windows 11. This is your chance to access professional image editing software without any cost.
How to Download:
Go to our website.
Look for the Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 free download section.
Click on the download link for your operating system (Windows 10, Windows 7, Windows 11).
Follow the instructions to install.
Features to Explore:
Digital Artwork Creation: Use layers, brushes, and textures to create stunning digital art.
Photo Retouching: Enhance your photos with advanced editing tools.
Graphic Design: Create logos, posters, and other marketing materials with ease.
Getting Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 free download for Windows 10 is like finding a treasure for creative minds. If you’re eager to dive into the world of digital art software and photo editing for designers, Windows 10 makes it super easy and user-friendly. Here’s how you can start creating amazing digital artwork and photos on your Windows 10 device:
Check Your System: Before downloading, make sure your PC runs Windows 10. It’s important because this ensures the software works smoothly.
Find a Trusted Website: Look for a reputable website that offers Adobe Photoshop free download for Windows 10. Be cautious and avoid sites that might harm your computer.
Download and Install: Once you’ve found a safe site, download the setup file. After downloading, click on the file and follow the installation instructions. It’s usually a few simple clicks.
Launch Adobe Photoshop: After installing, open Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 and start exploring its amazing features like photo compositing software and advanced photo editing.
🛠 Tips for Windows 10 Users:
Make sure to keep your Windows 10 updated for the best performance of Adobe Photoshop.
Explore Windows 10 compatibility features to customize your Photoshop experience.
Adobe Photoshop free download for Windows 7
If you’re using Windows 7 and worried about not being able to access the latest graphic design software, don’t fret! Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 is also available for Windows 7 users. Here’s how you can get it:
System Requirements: First, ensure your PC meets the minimum requirements for running Photoshop on Windows 7.
Secure Download: Search for a reliable source that offers Adobe Photoshop free download for Windows 7. Safety first!
Installation Process: After downloading, open the installer and follow the on-screen instructions to install Photoshop on your Windows 7 PC.
Start Creating: Once installed, launch Photoshop and begin your journey into digital artwork creation and photo manipulation.
💡 Note for Windows 7 Users:
Windows 7 support is crucial, so check if your PC is up-to-date to avoid any compatibility issues.
Dive into tutorials after installing to make the most out of Photoshop’s creative design tools.
Adobe Photoshop free download for Windows 11
For those who have upgraded to the latest Microsoft OS, getting Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 free download for Windows 11 opens up a world of graphic design for professionals and hobbyists alike. Here’s how to get started:
Compatibility Check: Ensure your system is running Windows 11, as it’s the latest platform supported by Adobe Photoshop.
Find a Reliable Source: Look for a legitimate website offering Adobe Photoshop free download for Windows 11. Always prioritize safety and legality.
Download and Setup: Download the installer file from the website, then run it on your PC. Follow the installation guide carefully.
Explore Photoshop: After installation, open Photoshop and start experimenting with its vast array of photo enhancement software and digital editing tools.
🌈 Windows 11 Tips:
Take advantage of Windows 11’s advanced features to enhance your Photoshop experience.
Check out Windows 11 software updates regularly for a seamless operation of Adobe Photoshop.
Key Features of Adobe Photoshop CC 2019
Advanced photo editing tools and features
Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 is like a magic box full of tools that can turn any picture into a masterpiece. Imagine having a box of crayons, but instead of crayons, you have advanced photo editing tools that can do almost anything you can think of to a photo. You can make colors brighter, remove unwanted spots, and even change the background. It’s like having a magic wand to make your photos look like they came from a professional studio.
Layers and Masks: Think of layers as sheets of paper stacked on top of each other. You can draw on each sheet without affecting the others. Masks let you hide parts you don’t want to see, like a secret door that only shows what you want.
Brushes: With a variety of brushes, you can paint, erase, or clone parts of your photo. It’s like having an artist’s brush that can do more than just paint.
Content-Aware Fill: Imagine taking a picture with a trash can in it. With Content-Aware Fill, you can make the trash can disappear as if it was never there.
These tools are perfect for anyone who loves to play with photos, whether you’re fixing a family photo or creating digital artwork.
Compatibility with Windows 10, Windows 7, and Windows 11
One of the best things about Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 is that it doesn’t matter if your computer is a bit older or brand new; it works great on Windows 10, Windows 7, and Windows 11. It’s like having a toy that works on all types of batteries. You don’t have to worry about getting new stuff to make it work. Whether you’re using a computer at home or at school, you can dive into your creative projects without any trouble.
Windows 10 compatibility: Perfect for newer computers, making sure everything runs smoothly.
Windows 7 support: Even if your computer is a bit older, you can still create amazing things.
Windows 11 software: Ready for the latest and greatest from Windows, so you’re up to date.
This means more time creating and less time worrying about technical stuff.
Support for various file formats and extensions
When you work on a project, sometimes you need to use different types of files, like a puzzle that has pieces from other puzzles. Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 is great because it can handle lots of different file types. Whether you’re working with a photo you took on your phone (JPEG), a logo design (PNG), or even a detailed image from another artist (PSD), Photoshop can open and save these files without any problems.
JPEG: Perfect for photos from your camera or phone.
PNG: Great for images with transparent backgrounds, like logos.
PSD: This is a special Photoshop file that saves all your layers and edits, so you can go back and change things later.
This means you can be creative without worrying about file types. You can work on any project, big or small, and Photoshop will be ready to help.
Installing Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 on your Windows computer is like putting together a simple puzzle. Just follow these steps, and you’ll be ready to create amazing digital art in no time!
Check Compatibility: First, make sure your computer is running Windows 10, Windows 7, or Windows 11. Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 works great with these versions.
Download the Installer: Go to a trusted website and download the Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 free download setup file. Remember, picking the right source is like choosing the best ingredients for a recipe.
Run the Installer: Once the download is complete, find the file in your downloads folder and double-click it. This is like opening the door to your creativity.
Follow Instructions: The installer will guide you through the process. It’s like following a map to a treasure. Just click “Next” or “Install” as prompted.
Wait for Installation: This might take a few minutes. It’s a good time to think about all the cool projects you’re going to work on!
Finish Setup: Once the installation is complete, click “Finish” or “Close.” Congratulations, you’ve just set up your creative studio!
🔑 Key Tips:
Make sure you have enough space on your computer.
Close other programs while installing to speed up the process.
Troubleshooting common installation issues
Sometimes, you might run into a bump on your road to installing Adobe Photoshop CC 2019. Here are some quick fixes:
Error Messages: If you see an error message, don’t worry. Check if your computer meets all the system requirements. It’s like making sure you have all the pieces before starting a puzzle.
Installation Freezes: If the installation seems stuck, try restarting your computer and running the installer again. Sometimes, it just needs a little nudge.
Cannot Open Installer: If you can’t open the installer file, right-click on it and choose “Run as administrator.” This gives it a special permission, like a key to a locked door.
Software Won’t Start: After installation, if Photoshop won’t start, try updating your graphics drivers. It’s like making sure your paintbrushes are ready before painting.
FAQs
Can I download Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 for free?
Yes, you can download Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 free download! It’s like finding a hidden treasure that lets you create amazing pictures and designs without spending any money. Just like when you get a free ice cream, getting Photoshop for free is a sweet deal. You can make your photos look professional, design cool posters, and even draw your own cartoons. Remember, downloading it for free from a safe and legal website is important, just like making sure your free ice cream is from a clean and trusted shop.
Is Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 compatible with Windows 10?
Absolutely! Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 and Windows 10 are like best friends. They work really well together. It’s like when you have a video game that plays perfectly on your game console. Windows 10 is a popular system for computers, and Adobe made sure Photoshop CC 2019 can run smoothly on it. This means you can create, edit, and play with your photos and designs without worrying about any problems. It’s great for both school projects and fun personal projects!
How to resolve common issues during the installation process?
Sometimes, installing Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 might feel like trying to solve a tricky puzzle, but don’t worry! Here are some tips to help:
Stuck Installation: If it feels like it’s taking forever, try to restart your computer and try again. It’s like hitting the reset button on a video game when it freezes.
Error Messages: Seeing weird messages? Make sure your computer meets the requirements for Photoshop. It’s like checking if you have all the pieces before starting a puzzle.
Can’t Open the Installer: Right-click on the installer and pick “Run as administrator.” This is like having a special key to open a locked door.
Photoshop Won’t Start: If everything’s installed but won’t start, try updating your computer’s graphic drivers. Think of it as putting new batteries in your toy to make it work again.
With these tips, you’ll be ready to jump into Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 and start creating amazing things!
Download Photoshop 7: Your Guide to Accessing Classic Editing Power
If you’re on the hunt for a classic graphic editing software that’s perfect for photo retouching, image editing, and digital art creation, then Photoshop 7 is your go-to solution. This vintage powerhouse is known for its classic interface and robust photo enhancement tools, making it a favorite among both beginners and seasoned professionals. The best part? You can start your Photoshop 7 download journey right here, with us!
Photoshop 7 brings to the table a suite of image manipulation software tools that stand the test of time. Whether you’re looking to dive into digital art creation or need to polish up photos with photo retouching tools, Photoshop 7 has got you covered. And for those of you worried about compatibility, fear not! This vintage photo editing software is designed to work seamlessly on older systems, including both Windows 7 and Windows 10.
🌟 Why Choose Photoshop 7?
Classic Interface: Navigate through the software with ease, thanks to its user-friendly, classic design.
Legacy Image Editing Tools: Access a wide array of tools that have made Photoshop the go-to for professionals.
Older System Compatibility: Perfect for users with Windows 7 or Windows 10 systems, ensuring smooth operation without the need for the latest hardware.
🔗 Starting Your Photoshop 7 Download
Visit our website to find the safe, free, and legal Photoshop 7 download link.
Ensure your system meets the compatibility requirements for a hassle-free installation.
Follow the simple download and installation instructions provided on our site.
💡 Tips for Maximizing Photoshop 7
Experiment with various photo manipulation software tools to discover the full potential of Photoshop 7.
Utilize photo retouching tools to enhance the quality of your images.
Dive into digital art creation with an array of brushes and textures at your fingertips.
If you’re using a Windows 10 system and need a 64-bit version of Photoshop 7, you’re in luck! Downloading Photoshop 7 for Windows 10 is straightforward. First, make sure your PC meets the minimum requirements for running Photoshop 7. This includes having a 64-bit version of Windows 10. Here’s a simple guide to get you started:
Check Compatibility: Ensure your Windows 10 system is 64-bit.
Find a Reliable Source: Look for a trusted website offering Adobe Photoshop 7.0 download 64-bit Windows 10.
Download: Click on the download link for the 64-bit version.
Install: Once downloaded, open the installer and follow the on-screen instructions.
🛠 Tips for a Smooth Installation:
Close all unnecessary applications to speed up the installation process.
Make sure you have an active internet connection during the download.
Photoshop 7 download for windows 7 32 bit
For those with a 32-bit Windows 7 system, downloading Photoshop 7 can breathe new life into your creative projects. Despite being an older operating system, Windows 7 still supports the classic Photoshop 7, allowing you to enjoy all its features without upgrading your PC. Here’s how to get started:
Verify System Type: Confirm that your system is running a 32-bit version of Windows 7.
Search for a Trusted Source: Find a website that offers Photoshop 7 download for Windows 7 32 bit.
Download Process: Click on the download link specifically for the 32-bit version.
Installation: Run the installer and follow the prompts to install Photoshop 7 on your system.
🌈 Creative Tip:
Explore Photoshop 7’s vast array of photo retouching tools and image editing software capabilities to enhance your projects.
Adobe Photoshop 7.0 setup
Setting up Adobe Photoshop 7.0 on your computer is like opening the door to a world of endless creativity. Whether you’re on Windows 10 or Windows 7, the setup process is user-friendly. Here’s what you need to do:
Download the Installer: After downloading the Photoshop 7 setup file, locate it on your computer.
Run the Installer: Double-click the setup file to start the installation.
Follow Instructions: The setup wizard will guide you through the installation process. Choose your preferred installation directory and options.
Complete Installation: Once the installation is complete, you might need to restart your computer.
🎨 Get Creative:
Dive into the world of digital art creation tools and experiment with Photoshop 7’s features to bring your imagination to life.
Key Features of Photoshop 7.0
Photoshop 7.0 is like a magic box full of tools that can make your photos and art look amazing. Imagine having a magic wand that can change colors, fix mistakes, and even make your drawings come to life. That’s what Photoshop 7.0 offers with its cool features. Let’s dive into some of these awesome tools!
Enhancing photos with Photoshop 7.0 tools
When you take a picture, sometimes it doesn’t look exactly how you want it to. Maybe it’s too dark, too light, or the colors are off. Photoshop 7.0 has special tools like the Brightness/Contrast slider and Color Balance adjustments that can fix these problems in a snap. You can also use photo retouching tools to remove any unwanted spots or blemishes, making your photos look perfect.
Brightness/Contrast: Make your photos brighter or darker, and adjust the contrast to make them pop.
Color Balance: Change the colors in your photo to make them look more natural or to create a cool effect.
Digital art creation using Photoshop 7.0
For those who love drawing and creating art, Photoshop 7.0 is like a dream come true. It has digital art creation tools that let you paint, draw, and even create cartoons or animations. You can choose from different brushes, play with colors, and use layers to make complex artworks. It’s like having an entire art studio inside your computer!
Brushes: Pick from many types of brushes to paint or draw whatever you can imagine.
Layers: Use layers to build your artwork step by step, making it easy to change things without starting over.
Photoshop 7.0’s classic interface
One of the best things about Photoshop 7.0 is its classic interface. This means it’s really easy to find the tools you need without getting lost. Everything is organized in a way that makes sense, even if you’re just starting out. Plus, if you’ve used older versions of Photoshop or other classic photo editing software, you’ll feel right at home.
Toolbars and Menus: Easily find all the tools and options you need in the neatly arranged toolbars and menus.
Customizable Workspace: Arrange the tools and windows just how you like them, so you can work faster and more comfortably.
Photoshop 7.0 is like a treasure chest for anyone who loves creating and editing photos or art. With its powerful tools, easy-to-use interface, and compatibility with older computers, it’s a great choice for both beginners and pros. Whether you’re fixing up a photo or creating a digital masterpiece, Photoshop 7.0 has everything you need to make your vision come to life.
When you’re looking for photo editing software but want to explore options beyond Photoshop 7, there are several Adobe Photoshop alternatives that offer a range of features for digital art creation, photo retouching, and more. Let’s dive into some of the best alternatives out there.
GIMP: This free, open-source image editing software is great for those on a budget. It offers a wide range of photo enhancement tools and is compatible with various operating systems.
Affinity Photo: Known for its powerful photo manipulation software capabilities, Affinity Photo is a one-time purchase that provides an extensive set of photo retouching tools.
Corel Painter: If you’re into digital illustration, Corel Painter is packed with digital art creation tools that mimic real-life art materials.
Paint.NET: Ideal for beginners, this photo editing application is simpler than Photoshop but still offers essential image processing software features.
These alternatives cater to different needs and budgets, ensuring there’s something for everyone.
Some Best Alternatives of Photoshop 7.0
Exploring Adobe Photoshop alternatives can be exciting, especially when you discover the unique features each one brings to the table. Here are some top picks:
Sketch: Perfect for UI, UX, and web design, Sketch is a vector-based graphics creation tool that emphasizes interface design.
Pixlr: This web-based photo editing application offers quick and easy access to image editing without the need for downloads.
Krita: A favorite among digital artists, Krita specializes in digital art creation tools with an emphasis on painting and drawing.
Canva: While not as advanced in photo manipulation, Canva is an excellent tool for creating social media graphics and simple designs with its user-friendly interface.
Each of these alternatives shines in different areas, from digital illustration tools to creative design software, offering a range of options for your creative projects.
Adobe Photoshop 7.0 vs. newer versions
Comparing Photoshop 7 to its newer versions, like Photoshop CC, highlights significant advancements in image editing software technology. Newer versions offer:
Enhanced Performance: Faster processing and smoother operation on modern systems.
Advanced Tools: More sophisticated photo retouching tools and image manipulation software features.
Cloud Integration: Easy access to files and resources across devices, thanks to Adobe’s Creative Cloud.
Regular Updates: Continuous improvements and new features added regularly.
While Photoshop 7 holds a special place for its classic interface and legacy image editing tools, newer versions are designed to meet the evolving needs of today’s digital art creation and photo editing professionals.
FAQs: Everything You Need to Know About Photoshop 7.0
Is Photoshop 7.0 free download?
No, Photoshop 7.0 is not free. It was a paid graphic editing software when it was released. However, you might find trial versions or special offers that let you use it for a short time without paying. Always make sure you’re downloading from a safe place to avoid harmful software.
Can I install Photoshop 7 on Windows 7?
Yes, you can install Photoshop 7 on Windows 7. This version of Photoshop was made to work well with older systems, including Windows 7. Here’s a simple checklist to help you:
Make sure your Windows 7 system is up to date.
Check if you have enough space on your computer.
Follow the installation instructions carefully.
What version is Photoshop 7?
Photoshop 7 is an older version of Adobe’s famous photo editing software. It was released way back in 2002. Despite being older, it’s still loved for its classic interface and powerful photo enhancement tools. It’s perfect for basic image editing and digital art creation without the complexity of newer versions.
Does Photoshop 7 work on Windows 10?
Yes, Photoshop 7 can work on Windows 10. Even though it’s an older software, many users have successfully run it on Windows 10 systems. Here are a few tips:
Run the installer in compatibility mode if you encounter any issues.
Make sure your Windows 10 is updated to avoid compatibility problems.
You might need to adjust some settings for optimal performance.
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Before we dive in, it’s crucial to make sure we’re swimming in safe waters. Checking the casino’s security and license ensures that our adventure doesn’t turn into a nightmare. We want to make sure that our personal and financial information is protected.
🔒 Security Checklist:
Look for a valid license from a reputable authority.
Check if the casino uses encryption technology.
Read reviews from other players to learn about their experiences.
Also, don’t forget to read the bonus terms and conditions (T&Cs). This is like reading the rules of a game before we play. It tells us how we can use our bonus and what we need to do to cash out our winnings.
📜 Important T&Cs to Check:
Wagering requirements: How many times we need to play through the bonus before withdrawing.
Game restrictions: Some games might not contribute to the wagering requirements.
Time limits: How long we have to use the bonus and meet the wagering requirements.
What the Minimum Deposit for the Bonus Is
Finally, we need to know how much we need to deposit to unlock the bonus. This is like knowing the price of a ticket before we go to an event. Most bonuses have a minimum deposit requirement, which is the smallest amount we can deposit to qualify for the bonus.
💵 Finding the Minimum Deposit:
Check the bonus T&Cs on the casino’s website.
Look for the minimum deposit amount required to claim the bonus.
Make sure our deposit meets or exceeds this amount to ensure we get our bonus.
When we dive into the world of online casinos, sign-up deposit bonuses are like the golden tickets to a candy factory. They give us extra money to play with, which means more fun and more chances to win. But, to make the most out of these bonuses, we need to know a few tricks. Let’s unwrap these secrets together and turn our gaming experience into a winning spree.
How Do Wagering Requirements Work?
Wagering requirements are like a game within a game. Imagine we get a bonus, but before we can keep any winnings from it, we have to play some more. It’s like the casino saying, “Okay, we gave you this bonus, now show us how you use it!” If the requirement is 10x and we get $10 as a bonus, we need to bet $100 before cashing out. It’s their way of making sure we enjoy the ride, not just the prize at the end.
Boosted Bankroll and Increased Playing Time
With sign-up deposit bonuses, our money suddenly grows. If we put in $50 and get a 100% match, that’s $100 to play with! It’s like having a magic wallet for a while. This extra cash lets us explore more games, play longer, and not worry about running out too soon. It’s our ticket to a longer playtime adventure, giving us more chances to hit those big wins we dream about.
Potential for Higher Winnings
Here’s the exciting part: with more money and time to play, we can aim for the stars. More games mean more jackpots and winning opportunities. It’s like having extra arrows in our quiver during a treasure hunt. Sure, there’s no guarantee we’ll find the treasure, but we’ve got a better shot at it. And sometimes, one lucky spin is all it takes to bring home a win that changes the game.
Online Casino Welcome Bonuses FAQ
When we’re exploring the world of online casinos, we have lots of questions, especially about welcome bonuses. These bonuses are like the first impression we get from a casino, so we want it to be good! Let’s dive into some frequently asked questions to help us understand better.
What is the best casino site with free bonuses?
Finding the best casino bonus online can feel like searching for a needle in a haystack because there are so many options! The best casino sites with free bonuses usually offer no deposit bonuses or free spins offers. These bonuses let us play without spending our own money right away. We look for sites that give us a good amount of free play or spins, have fair bonus terms, and offer games we love. Remember, a great bonus is one that gives us a real chance to explore the casino and even win something without a big investment.
Which online casino has the biggest welcome bonus no deposit?
The casino with the biggest welcome bonus no deposit changes often because casinos update their offers to stay competitive. Some casinos might offer a $200 no deposit bonus or even 200 free spins to attract new players. These offers are super exciting because they give us a lot of playtime without needing to put down our own money. To find the latest and greatest, we keep an eye on casino promotions and check out reviews and comparisons from trusted sources.
What is the most trusted casino online?
Trust is super important when we’re playing online. The most trusted casinos are the ones with a strong reputation, valid licenses, and positive reviews from other players. They use encryption to keep our information safe and have fair games tested by independent agencies. Plus, they offer clear bonus terms and reliable customer support. We feel good playing at casinos where we know we’re treated fairly and our winnings are paid out without hassle.
Which online casino has best payout rate?
The best payout rate means we have a better chance of winning when we play. Casinos with the best payout rates usually have games with high Return to Player (RTP) percentages. These percentages tell us how much money, on average, players win back. For example, a game with a 98% RTP gives back $98 for every $100 spent over time. We look for casinos that have lots of these high RTP games because it means our chances of winning are better.
🎰 Pro Tip: Always check the RTP of the games we’re interested in and choose casinos known for their high payouts. This way, we maximize our chances of winning big and getting the most out of our best casino bonus online.
Winning at online casinos might seem tough, but with the right strategies and knowledge, you can increase your chances significantly. Whether you’re a beginner or looking to improve your skills, understanding how to win casino games online is crucial. It’s not just about luck; it’s about smart decisions, from choosing the right games to managing your bankroll effectively.
Discover Winning Strategies
To start off, it’s essential to grasp the basics and then move on to more advanced strategies. Here’s how you can enhance your winning potential:
Understand the Rules Thoroughly
Before diving into any game, make sure you fully understand the rules. This might seem obvious, but many players skip this step and end up losing money unnecessarily. Whether it’s blackjack, roulette, or slots, knowing the game inside out increases your chances of winning.
Choose Games with Better Odds
Not all games give you the same chance of winning. Games like blackjack and craps have better odds than others. Research and choose games that offer you a higher probability of success.
Manage Your Bankroll Wisely
One of the most important aspects of online gambling is bankroll management. Set a budget for how much you’re willing to spend and stick to it. Never chase losses, as this can lead to bigger financial problems.
Practice Makes Perfect
Start with free or low-stake games to get a feel for the game without risking too much. This is a great way to practice and develop your skills without any financial pressure.
Engage with Online Communities
Joining online gambling communities can provide valuable insights. Platforms like Reddit offer casino strategies and experiences shared by other players. This can be a goldmine of information for anyone looking to improve their game.
Choose Reputable Online Casinos
Playing at reputable online casinos is crucial. Look for platforms that are known for fairness, quick payouts, and a wide selection of games. This ensures a safe and enjoyable gambling experience.
Selecting the right online casino is a big step towards how to win casino games online. It’s not just about the games; it’s about finding a safe, fair, and enjoyable place to play. Here are some key factors to consider when making your choice.
Licensing and Regulation
🔒 Why It’s Important: A license from a reputable authority means the casino follows strict rules for fairness and player protection.
Look For: Licenses from bodies like the UK Gambling Commission, Malta Gaming Authority, or Gibraltar Regulatory Authority.
Tip: Check the bottom of the casino’s homepage for licensing information.
Deposit Methods
💳 Variety is Key: Having multiple deposit options makes it easier to start playing.
Popular Options: Credit cards, e-wallets (like PayPal, Skrill), bank transfers, and even cryptocurrencies.
Consider: Deposit limits, processing times, and any possible fees.
Casino Bonuses
💰 Boost Your Play: Bonuses can give you extra money to play with or free spins on slots.
Common Types: Welcome bonuses, no-deposit bonuses, free spins, and loyalty rewards.
Read the Fine Print: Check wagering requirements and game restrictions to ensure the bonus really benefits you.
Choosing the right online casino is crucial for anyone looking to enhance their winning potential in online gambling. By focusing on licensing, deposit methods, and the bonuses offered, you’re setting yourself up for a safer and more enjoyable experience. Remember, a good start is half the battle won, especially when you’re on the journey of mastering how to win casino games online.
Strategies for Winning at Online Casino Games
Winning at online casino games isn’t just about luck; it’s about smart strategies and making informed decisions. By understanding how to swing the odds in your favor, learning to beat casinos at their own game, and adopting tips to improve your odds, you can significantly increase your chances of winning. Let’s dive into these strategies and see how you can apply them to your online gambling experience.
Swing the Odds in Your Favour
To increase chances of winning at online casinos, it’s crucial to know the odds of the games you’re playing and how you can swing them in your favor. This means choosing games with better odds and understanding the casino game dynamics. For instance, games like blackjack and video poker offer some of the best odds for players. By using casino game strategies like basic blackjack strategy or video poker strategy charts, you can reduce the house edge and improve your chances of winning.
Key Tips:
Study the odds of different games and choose those with the best chances for players.
Use strategy guides or charts for games like blackjack and video poker.
Practice these games online for free to hone your skills before playing with real money.
Learn How to Beat Casinos at Their Own Game
Understanding casino tricks and tips is essential for beating them at their own game. This includes knowing when to bet, how much to bet, and when to walk away. Bankroll management is a critical skill that helps you decide how much to wager and avoid losing more than you can afford. Additionally, taking advantage of bonuses and promotions can give you extra funds to play with, but always read the terms and conditions to ensure they’re beneficial.
Key Strategies:
Set a budget and stick to it to manage your bankroll effectively.
Look for reputable online casinos that offer fair bonuses and promotions.
Understand the wagering requirements of bonuses to maximize their benefits.
Tips for Improving Your Odds
Improving your odds at online casinos involves a combination of choosing the right games, managing your bankroll, and making smart bets. Starting small in casinos and practicing with low risk can also help you build your confidence and skill level. Engaging with online gambling communities can provide additional online gambling tips and insights from experienced players.
Effective Tips:
Focus on games where you can apply strategies to reduce the house edge.
Incrementally increase your bets as you become more comfortable and skilled.
Utilize online casino insights and advice from more experienced players in gambling communities.
By applying these strategies, you can enhance your casino winning potential and enjoy a more successful online gambling experience. Remember, consistent and smart play combined with a deep understanding of the games and effective bankroll management can significantly increase your chances of winning at online casino games.
Winning at online casinos can often feel like a mix of luck and magic, but there are strategies and insights that can tilt the odds in your favor. Whether you’re curious about the tricks to winning, looking for the easiest games, or wondering about the reality of winning in online casinos, we’ve got you covered. Let’s dive into some of the most common questions beginners have.
Is there a trick to winning casino games?
Yes, there are several casino tricks to win for beginners that can help you improve your chances. Understanding the game rules thoroughly is the first step. Knowing when and how much to bet is crucial, as is choosing games that are easier to win. Bankroll management is another essential trick; never bet more than you can afford to lose. Lastly, practicing games in free mode before playing with real money can significantly enhance your winning potential.
What is the easiest game to win in an online casino?
The easiest games to win at an online casino often have the best odds for players. Games like blackjack, craps, and roulette offer better chances compared to others. Specifically, blackjack, when played with basic strategy, can have a house edge of less than 1%. Slots can also offer high payouts, but their randomness makes them less predictable. Choosing games with better odds and learning the basic strategies can greatly increase your chances of winning.
Is it possible to win in online casinos?
Absolutely, it’s possible to win in online casinos. Many players enjoy regular wins, though it’s important to understand that casinos are designed to make a profit. Winning requires a combination of luck, skill, and strategy. Engaging with online gambling communities can offer valuable online casino tips for beginners and insights into successful casino strategies. Remember, the goal is to have fun and play responsibly, setting realistic expectations for your gaming experience.
What is the trick to winning online slots?
Winning at online slots involves understanding a few key concepts. First, choose slots with higher Return to Player (RTP) percentages, as they are designed to pay back a higher percentage of the money that goes into them over time. Taking advantage of bonuses and free spins can also increase your playtime and chances of hitting a big win. Online casino strategy Reddit discussions often highlight the importance of setting a budget and sticking to it, as well as knowing when to walk away. While there’s no guaranteed way to win due to the random nature of slot machines, these strategies can help improve your chances.
10 TO 12 CMS LONG LEAF WARBLER.MALE WEIGHS 7 TO 8 GMS AND FEMALE 6 TO 7 GMS.HAS BROWN WASHED DULL GREEN UPPER PARTS AND OFF-WHITE UNDERPARTS BECOMING YELLOWISH ON FLANKS AND A SHORT WHITE SUPERCILIUM.IT HAS DARK LEGS AND A FINE DARK BILL AND A SHORT PRIMARY PROJECTION.NEWLY FLEDGED JUVENILE IS BROWNER ABOVE THAN THE ADULT WITH YELLOW WHITE UNDERPARTS.AFTER MOULTING BOTH THE ADULT AND THE JUVENILE HAVE BRIGHTER AND GREENER UPPER PARTS AND A PALER SUPERCILIUM.IT HAS ROUNDED WINGS IN FLIGHT AND A DIAGNOSTIC TAIL MOVEMENT CONSISTING OF A DIP,THEN SIDEWARDS WAG, THAT DISTINGUISHES IT FROM OTHER SPECIES. IT IS MIGRATORY BUT IT IS ONE OF THE FIRST PASSERINE BIRDS TO RETURN TO ITS BREEDING AREAS IN SPRING AND AMONG THE LAST TO LEAVE IN THE LATE AUTUMN.WHEN BREEDING ,IT IS A BIRD OF OPEN WOODLANDS WITH SOME TALLER TREES AND GROUND COVER FOR NESTING PURPOSIS.IN WINTER IT CHOOSES WIDER RANGE OF HABITATS INCLUDING SCRUB AND IS NOT DEPENDENT UPON TREES.IT IS OFTEN FOUND NEAR WATER.IT IS INSECTIVOROUS MOVING RESTLESSLY THROUGH FOLIAGE OR BRIEFLY HOVERING.IT TAKES INSECTS MAINLY FLIES,EGGS AND LARVAES OF BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS.IT REQUIRES ABOUT ONE-THIRD OF ITS WEIGHT IN INSECTS DAILY,IT FEEDS ALMOST CONTINUOUSLY IN THE AUTUMN TO PUT ON EXTRA FAT AS FUEL FOR LONG MIGRATION FLIGHT.
LESSER WHITETHROAT IS A COMMON AND A WIDESPREAD TYPICAL WARBLER.THE SEXES ARE ALMOST IDENTICAL.THIS IS A SMALL SPECIES WITH A GREY BACK,WHITISH UNDERPARTS,AGREY HEAD WITH A DARKER BANDIT MASK THROUGH THE EYES AND A WHITE THROAT.IT IS SLIGHTLY SMALLER THAN THE WHITETHROAT AND LACKS THE CHESTNUT WINGS AND UNIFORM HEADFACE COLOUR OF THAT SPECIES.LIKE MOST WARBLERS IT IS INSECTIVOROUS, BUT WILL ALSO TAKE BERRIES AND OTHER SOFT FRUIT.THIS IS A BIRD OF FAIRLY OPEN COUNTRY AND CULTIVATION WITH LARGE BUSHES FOR NESTING AND SOME TREES.
LESSER WHITETHROAT IS A COMMON AND A WIDESPREAD TYPICAL WARBLER.THE SEXES ARE ALMOST IDENTICAL.THIS IS A SMALL SPECIES WITH A GREY BACK,WHITISH UNDERPARTS,AGREY HEAD WITH A DARKER BANDIT MASK THROUGH THE EYES AND A WHITE THROAT.IT IS SLIGHTLY SMALLER THAN THE WHITETHROAT AND LACKS THE CHESTNUT WINGS AND UNIFORM HEADFACE COLOUR OF THAT SPECIES.LIKE MOST WARBLERS IT IS INSECTIVOROUS, BUT WILL ALSO TAKE BERRIES AND OTHER SOFT FRUIT.THIS IS A BIRD OF FAIRLY OPEN COUNTRY AND CULTIVATION WITH LARGE BUSHES FOR NESTING AND SOME TREES.
SPOTTED OWLET IS A SMALL OWL WHICH BREEDS IN TROPICAL ASIA FROM INDIA TO SOUTH-EAST ASIA.A COMMON RESIDENT OF OPEN HABITATS INCLUDING FARMLAND AND HUMAN HABITATION,IT HAS ADAPTED TO LIVING IN CITIES.SPOTTED OWLET IS SMALL(21 CMS.) AND STOCKY.THE UPPER PARTS ARE GREY-BROWN,HEAVILY SPOTTED WITH WHITE.THE UNDERPARTS ARE WHITE,STREAKED WITH BROWN.THE FACIAL DISC IS PALE AND THE IRIS IS YELLOW.THERE IS WHITE NECK BAND AND SUPERCILIUM.SEXES ARE SIMILAR.THE FLIGHT IS DEEPLY UNDULATING.THE SPECIES IS NOCTURNAL BUT IS SOMETIMES SEEN IN THE DAY.WHEN DISTURBED FROM THEIR DAYTIME SITE ,THEY BOB THEIR HEAD AND STARE AT INTRUDERS.IT HUNTS A VARIETY OF INSECTS AND SMALL VERTEBRATES.THEY CAN PREY RODENTS,BATS,TOADS,SMALL SNAKES,SCORPIONS AND MOLLUSCS.THE CALL IS HARSH AND LOUD AND THEY CALL MAINLY DURING EARLY DAWN OR JUST AFTER SUNSET.
ROSE-RINGED PARAKEET IS A GREGARIOUS BIRD.ADULT MALE SPORTS A BLACK OR RED NECK RING AND THE HEN AND IMMATURE BIRDS OF BOTH SEXES EITHER SHOW NO NECK RINGS, OR DISPLAY SHADOW- LIKE PALE TO DARK GREY NECK RINGS.INDIAN ROSE-RINGED PARAKEET MEASURES ON AVERAGE 40 CMS IN LENGTH INCLUDING THE TAIL FEATHERS,A LARGE PORTION OF THEIR TOTAL LENGTH.IN THE WILD ,THIS IS A NOISY SPECIES WITH AN UNMISTAKABLE SQUAKING CALL AND A DISTINCTIVE GREEN COLOUR.IT IS HERBIVOROUS AND NON-MIGRATING.IT HAS SUCCESSFULLY ADAPTED TO LIVING IN DISTURBED HABITATS.IN THE WILD, ROSE-RINGED PARAKEETS USUALLY FEED ON BUDS,FRUITS,VEGETABLES,NUTS, BERRIES AND SEEDS.WILD FLOCKS ALSO FLY SEVERAL MILES TO FORAGE IN FARMLANDS AND ORCHARDS CAUSING EXTENSIVE DAMAGE.
ORIETAL MAGPIE-ROBIN IS A SMALL PASSERINE BIRD(19 CMS. LONG),IS CONSIDERED AS OLD WORLD FLYCATCHER.ITS TAIL IS USUALLY HELD COCKED UPRIGHT.THE MALE HAS BLACK UPPER PARTS,HEAD AND THROAT APART FROM A WHITE SHOULDER PATCH.THE UNDERPARTS AND SIDES OF LONG TAIL ARE WHITE.FEMALES ARE GREYISH-BLACK ABOVE AND GREYISH-WHITE BELOW.YOUNG BIRDS HAVE SCALY BROWN UPPER PARTS AND HEAD.IT IS MOSTLY SEEN CLOSE TO THE GROUND,HOPPING ALONG BRANCHES OR FORAGING IN LEAF-LITTER ON THE GROUND WITH COCKED TAIL.MALES SING LOUDLY FROM THE TOP OF TREES OR OTHER HIGH PERCHES DURING BREEDING SEASON.FOUND IN OPEN WOODLAND CULTIVATED AREAS OFTEN CLOSE TO HUMAN HABITATIONS.THE DIET OF MAGPIE-ROBINS INCLUDES MAINLY INSECTS AND OTHER INVERTEBRATES.ALTHOUGH MAINLY INSECTIVOROUS ,THEY ARE KNOWN TO OCCASIONALLY TAKE FLOWER NECTAR,GECKOS,LEECHES,CENTIPEDES AND EVEN FISH.THEY ARE OFTEN ACTIVE LATE AT DUSK.THEY SOMETIMES BATHE IN RAINWATER COLLECTED ON THE LEAVES OF THE TREES.
SMALL PASSERINE BIRD IN WAGTAIL FAMILY(16.5 TO 19 CMS.)WITH THE CHARACTERISTIC LONG ,CONSTANTLY WAGGING TAIL OF ITS GENUS.THE MAXIMUM LIFESPAN IN WILD IS 12 YEARS.IT HAS ALSO BEEN NOTED THAT BOTH BACK AND CHIN CHANGE COLOUR DURING THE PRE-BASIC MOULT;ALL BLACK-THROATED SUB SPECIES DEVELOP WHITE CHIN AND THROATS IN WINTER AND SOME BLACK-BACKED BIRDS ARE GREY -BACKED IN WINTER.AS MANY AS SIX SUBSPECIES MAY BE PRESENT IN WINTERING GRONDS IN INDIA.THE TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC INSECTS AND OTHER SMALL INVERTEBRATES FORM THE MAJOR PART OF THE DIET.THESE RANGE FROM BEETLES,DRAGONFLIES,SMALL SNAILS, SPIDERS,WORMS,CRUSTACEANS TO MAGGOTS FOUND IN CARCASSES AND MOST IMPOTANTLY FLIES ,IN THE ORDER DIPTERA.SMALL FISH FRY HAVE ALSO BEEN RECORDED IN THE DIET.
WHITE-THROATED KINGFISHER IS COMMON INDIANBIRD. 28 CMS.,LARGE KINGFISHER, THE ADULT HAS A BRIGHT BLUE BACK,WINGS AND TAIL.ITS HEAD,SHOULDERS,FLANKS AND LOWER BELLY ARE CHESTNUT, AND THE THROAT AND BREAST ARE WHITE.THE LARGE BILL AND THE LEGS ARE BRIGHT RED.THE FLIGHT OF THE WHITE-THROATED KINGFISHER IS RAPID AND DIRECT,THE SHORT ROUNDED WINGS WHIRRING.IN FLIGHT LARGE WHITE PATCHES ARE VISIBLE ON THE BLUE AND BLACK WINGS.SEXES ARE SIMILAR.WHITE-THROATED KINGFISHER IS A COMMON SPECIES OF A VARIETY OF HABITATS,MOSTLY OPEN COUNTRY IN THE PLAINS.HAS BEEN SEEN AT 7500 FEET IN THE HIMALAYAS.IT MAINLY HUNTS LARGE CRUSTACEANS,INSECTS,EARTHWORMS,RODENTS,SNAKES,FISH AND FROGS.PREDATION OF SMALL BIRDS SUCH AS THE ORIENTAL WHITE-EYE,CHICK OF A RED-WATTLED LAPWING,SPARROWS AND MUNIAS HAVE BEEN REPORTED.WHITE-THROATED KINGFISHER BEGINS BREEDING AT THE ONSET OF THE MONSOONS.NEST IS A TUNNEL IN THE EARTH BANK.NEST TUNNELS IN A HAYSTACK HAVE ALSO BEEN REPORTED.
21CMS.,MOST FAMILIAR OWL,HAS WHITE SPOTTING ON THE HEAD,FOUND NEAR VILLAGES,CULTIVATION,LIGHT FOREST,SEMI DESERT,IT HAS ALSO ADAPTED TO LIVE IN CITIES,IT NESTS IN A HOLE IN A TREE OR A BUILDING,ITS UPPER PARTS ARE GREY BROWN,HEAVILY SPOTTED WITH WHITE,UNDERPARTS ARE WHITE STREAKED WITH BROWN,FACIAL DISC IS PALE AND IRIS IS YELLOW.THERE IS A WHITE NECKBAND AND SUPERCILIUM.IT HUNTS A VARIETY OF INSECTS AND SMALL VERTEBRATES,MAY TAKE RODENTS,BATS,TOADS, SMALL SNAKES,MAY ALSO TAKE SCORPIONS AND MOLLUSCS.
20CMS.,FOUND AT 1800 TO 3000 METRES IN SUMMERS,IN WINTERS FOUND AT 1000 TO 1800 METRES.FOUND IN SCRUB,BUSHES,UNDERGROWTH AND GARDENS.THEY ARE MEDIUM SIZED LANDBIRDS.THESE BIRDS HAVE STRONG LEGS AND ARE QUITE TERRESTRIAL.THIS GROUP IS NOT STRONGLY MIGRATORY AND MOST SPECIES HAVE SHORT ROUNDED WINGS AND A WEAK FLIGHT.
30 CMS.,SMALL,SOMEWHAT LONG TAILED PIGEON,BUFF BROWN WITH WHITE SPOTS ON BLACK HIND-NECK.THE TAILTIPS ARE WHITE AND THE WING COVERTS HAVE LIGHT BUFF SPOTS. FOUND IN LIGHT FORESTS,GARDENS AND URBAN AREAS.SOMETIMES ALSO CALLED AS MOUNTAIN DOVE,PEARL-NECKED DOVE OR LACE-NECKED DOVE.THE GROUND COLOUR OF THIS LONG AND SLIM DOVE IS ROSY BUFF BELOW SHADING GREY ON HEAD AND BELLY.THE BACK HAS BROWN FEATHERS WITH RUFOUS SPOTS IN THE INDIAN AND SUBSPECIES.WING FEATHERS ARE DARK BROWN WITH GREY EDGES.CENTRE OF THE ABDOMEN AND VENT ARE WHITE.OUTER TAIL FEATHERS ARE TIPPED IN WHITE AND BECOME VISIBLE WHEN THE BIRD TAKES OFF. FEED ON GRASS SEEDS,GRAINS,FALLEN FRUITS AND SEEDS OF OTHER PLANTS.THEY TAKE INSECTS OCCASIONALLY AND SOMETIMES FEED ON WINGED TERMITES.
21CMS.,ALSO CALLED GREY HEADED MYNA,IT IS RESIDENT OR PARTIALLY MIGRATORY SPECIES FOUND IN WOODED HABITATS IN INDIA THEY HAVE GREY UPPER PARTS AND BLACKISH REMIGES,BUT THE COLOUR OF REMAINING PLUMAGE DEPEND UPON SUBSPECIES.IN NOMINATE SUBSPECIES THE UNDERPARTS ARE RUFOUS.IT HAS LIGHT GREY HEAD WITH WHITISH STREAKING ESPECIALLY ON CROWN AND COLLAR REGION.THESE HAVE WHITE IRIDES AND YELLOW BILL WITH A PALE BLUE BASE. USUALLY FOUND IN OPEN WOODLAND AND CULTIVATION,YOUNG PLANTATIONS AND GARDENS.IT IS OMNIVOROUS.IT EATS FRUIT, NECTAR AND INSECTS.
20CMS.,FOREHEAD IS BROWN,BACK BARRED(VS SPOTTED IN YELLOW CROWNED WOODPECKER),BLACK MOUSTACHE(VS BROWN SIDES OF NECK IN YELLOW CROWNED WOODPECKER),MONTANE HABITAT,FOUND AT 1000 TO 3100 METRE,FOUND IN PINE,OAK,DEODHAR FORESTS.IT IS MEDIUM SIZED PIED WOODPECKER WITH YELLOW IN CROWN.WHITE BARRED (RATHER THAN SPOTTED)BLACK.UNDERPARTS ,PROMINENT BLACK MOUSTACHE EXTENDING TO BREAST AND BLACK STREAKED WHITE UNDERPARTS.VENT DEEP PINK.IN MALE FORECROWN BROWN,CENTRE YELLOW,REAR RED WITH BLACK REAR NECK. IN FEMALE WHOLE CROWN YELLOW.
16CMS.,BIRDS NORMALLY SHOW SOME STREAKING ON THE UPPER PARTS FOR MOST OF THE YEAR.FAINT TAIL- BARRING NOT NORMALLY VISIBLE IN THE FIELD.FOUND AT 900 TO 2300METRES,FOUND IN RANK GRASS,STEEP SCRUBBY HILLSIDE,GRASSY OPEN PINE FOREST,TERRACED FIELDS.
41CMS.,THE SLATY HEAD SEPARATES IT FROM ALL BUT GREY-HEADED PARAKEET,FROM LATTER BY DARKER SLATIER HEAD ,SHORTER,BROADER CENTRAL TAIL FEATHERS WITH DISTAL HALF RICH YELLOW.SEEN AT ALTITUDE OF 600 TO 2500 METRES,COMMONLY SEEN IN FORESTS,ORCHARDS AND CULTIVATION
12CMS.,THE DIAGNOSTIC WHITE PATCH ON THE CENTRE OF TAIL CAN BE DIFFICULT TO SEE IN THE FIELD(THE WHITE SPOTS ON THE TIPS OF OUTER TAIL FEATHERS ARE NOT DIAGNOSTIC AS THIS FEATURE IS ALSO SHOWN BY OTHER SPECIES),THE WHITE CHIN AND CHEEKS GRADUALLY BECOMING INCREASINGLY CINNAMON-BUFF ON THE REMAINING UNDER PARTS SEPARATE THIS FROM CHESTNUT BELLIED NUTHATCH AND WHITE-CHEEKED NUTHATCH.UNDERPARTS ARE PALER (RUFOUS VS CHESTNUT) AND RELATIVELY BROAD BLACK EYE-STRIPE USUALLY FLARES MORE MARKEDLY BEHIND THE EAR-COVERTS THAN ON KASHMIR NUTHATCH.IT HAS SMALL BILL.
66CMS.,SEXES ALIKE,HEAD, NECK AND BREAST BLACK, HAS GOLDEN-YELLOW BILL,SMALL WHITE NAPE-PATCH SURROUNDED BY BLACK,LOWER PLUMAGE WHITE,FAINTLY TINGED WITH LILAC,WHOLE UPPER PLUMAGE PURPLISH-BLUE,BRIGHTER ON THE WINGS AND TAIL.FLIGHT FEATHERS TIPPED WITH WHITE,TAIL LONG AND GRADUATED,THE FEATHERS BLUE ,BROADLY TIPPED WITH WHITE,ALL, EXCEPT THE VERY LONG CENTRAL PAIR HAVING A BAND OF BLACK IN FRONT OF THE WHITE..SEEN IN SUMMERS AT HEIGHT OF 1600-2700 METRES AND IN WINTERS AT >800 METRES.THESE ARE ESSENTIALLY ARBOREAL BIRDS,USUALLY SEEN IN HEAVY JUNGLES BUT VENTURE OUT INTO TREES AMONG CULTIVATION,OR ONTO BARE MOUNTAIN SIDES AT HIGH ELEVATIONS.THEY FREQUENTLY FEED ON THE GROUND WITH A HOPPING GAIT AND TAI IS KEPT HIGH OFF THE GROUND.THEY FEED ON SMALL MAMMALS,THE EGGS AND YOUNG OF OTHER BIRDS,INSECTS,WILD FRUITS AND BERRIES.
34CMS.,ONLY FRANCOLIN WITH DISTINCT RUFOUS NUCHAL PATCH,FOUND IN TALL GRASSLANDS NEAR RIVERS AND CULTIVATION,HEAD IS CURVED WITH BROWN IRIS EYES COLOUR,UNIQUE PATTERN OF BROWN COLOUR CROWN AND THROAT COLOUR IS BLACK.THE PRIMARY COLOUR IS BLACK WITH BLACK BREAST, RUFOUS BELLY,WHITE SPOTS ON FLANKS AND GOLDEN BROWN SPOTS AT THE BACK OF BODY,ROUNDED TAIL NARROW BLACK AND WHITE BARS.MALE BLACK FRANCOLIN IS BLACK WITH WHITE PATCH ON THE CHEEK,A CHESTNUT COLLAR,AND WHITE SPOTS ON FLANKS,LEGS ARE REDDISH BROWN TO RED.FEMALE IS MAINLY BROWN,BUT HAS A CHESTNUT HINDNECK.FEMALE HAS UPPER PLUMAGE ,WINGS AND TAIL AS IN MALE BUT BLACK IS REPLACED BY MOTTLED BROWN AND BROWN BARS ON THE LOWER BACK AND TAIL ARE WIDER.FEMALE HAS NO CHEEK PATCH.FEEDS ON SEEDS AND INSECTS.
ALSO CALLED YELLOW-THROATED SPARROW,14CMS,COMBINATION OF WHITE MEDIAN COVERTS AND CHESTNUT LESSER COVERTS,RELATIVELY LONG FINE BILL,UNSTREAKED BROWNISH GREY HEAD AND UPPER PARTS,YELLOW ON THROAT,SEEN IN OPEN DRY DECIDUOUS AND THORN FORESTS,HEDGES NEAR VILLEGES AND CULTIVATION,GARDENS,TREE LOVING BUT SOMETIMES SEEN ON WIRES AND ON GROUND,FEED ON GRAINS, INSECTS,NECTAR AND BERRIES
LARGEST OF ITS GROUP 120CMS,OVERALL VERY PALE SANDY/CREAMY COLOURED,WHITE ON UNDERWING COVERTS,WITH CONTRASTING DARK FLIGHT FEATHERS AND TAIL, RUFF FEATHERS ARE LONG AND SPIKY,HEAD IS COVERED IN DOWN WHICH IS YELLOWISH IN ADULTS,LEGS ARE COVERED WITH BUFFY FEATHERS,FEET ARE GREENISH-GREY TO WHITE,FOUND IN MOUNTAINS OF HIMALAYAS ,SOMETIMES STRAYING TO ADJACENT PLAINS.USUALLY FOUND AT ELEVATION OF AROUND 4000 FEET,USUALLY BASK IN THE SUN ON ROCKS OR SOAR IN THERMALS,FEED ON DEAD OR DECAYING FLESH,
15CMS.,DARK ALMOST UNSTREAKED UPPERPARTS SEPARATE FEMALE FROM OTHER FEMALE BUSHCHATS EXCEPT JERDON’S BUSHCHAT WHICH LACKS SUPERCILIUM AND PIED BUSHCHAT WHICH HAS RUFOUS BROWN UNDERPARTS.FOUND IN OPEN SCRUBBY SLOPES,FOREST EDGE,BARBERRY,JUNIPER,CULTIVATION,SCRUBBY HILLSIDES,SECOND GROWTH,GRASSLAND WITH BUSHES,TEA GARDENS.
THE BIRD IS SMALL 8 TO 9 CMS. LONG WITH YELLOWISH -OLIVE UPPERPARTS,A WHITE EYE-RING,YELLOW THROAT AND VENT.THE BELLY IS WHITISH GREY BUT MAY HAVE YELLOW IN SOME SUBSPECIES.THE SEXES LOOK SIMILAR.THE SPECIES IS FOUND IN A WIDE RANGE OF HABITATS FROM SCRUB TO MOIST FORESTS.THOUGH MAINLY INSECTIVOROUS ,THE ORIENTAL WHITE EYE WILL ALSO EAT NECTAR AND FRUITS OF VARIOUS KINDS .THEY HAVE BEEN OBSERVED BATHING IN DEW ACCUMMULATED ON LEAVES.THEIR PREDATORS INCLUDE BATS AND BIRDS SUCH AS THE WHITE THROATED KINGFISHER.
13CMS.,A COMMON AND FAMILIAR GARDEN BIRD.WHEN SINGING,SHOWS A BLACK PATCH AT THE SIDE OF THE THROAT WHICH COULD LEAD TO IT BEING MISTAKEN FOR DARK-NECKED TAILORBIRD BUT HAS A BUFFY-WHITE (VS YELLOW) VENT.IT IS A BRIGHTLY COLOURED BIRD ,WITH BRIGHT GREEN UPPERPARTS AND WHITISH UNDERPARTS.THEY HAVE SHORT ROUNDED WINGS,A LONG TAIL,STRONG LEGS AND A SHARP BILL WITH CURVED TIP TO THE UPPER MANDIBLE.THEY ARE WREN LIKE WITH A LONG UPRIGHT TAIL THAT IS OFTEN MOVED AROUND.THE CROWN IS RUFOUS AND THE UPPERPARTS ARE PREDOMINANTLY OLIVE GREEN.THE UNDERSIDE IS CREAMY WHITE.THE SEXES ARE IDENTICAL,EXCEPT THAT THE MALE HAS LONG CENTRAL TAIL FEATHERS IN THE BREEDING SEASON.FOUND IN PARKS,GARDENS,SCRUB,HEDGEROWS,UNDERGROWTH AT EDGE OF WOODED AREAS.THEY FORAGE FOR INSECTS AND HAVE BEEN KNOWN TO FEED ON A RANGE OF BEETLES AND BUGS.
THIS KINGFISHER IS ABOUT 17 CMS. LONG AND IS WHITE WITH A BLACK MASK,A WHITE SUPERCILIUM AND BLACK BREAST BANDS.THE CREST IS NEAT AND UPPERPARTS ARE BARRED IN BLACK.MALES HAVE A NARROW SECOND BREAST BAND WHILE FEMALES HAVE A SINGLE BROKEN BREAST BAND.WHEN PERCHED ,THEY OFTEN BOB THEIR HEAD AND FLICK UP THEIR TAIL.THEY FEED ON FISH,CRUSTACEANS,LARGE AQUATIC INSECTS SUCH AS DRAGONFLY LARVAE.IT USUALLY HUNTS BY HOVERING OVER THE WATER TO DETECT PREY AND DIVING VERTICALLY DOWN BILL-FIRST TO CAPTURE FISH.THEY CAN DEAL WITH PREY WITHOUT RETURNING TO PERCH ,OFTEN SWALLOWING SMALL PREY IN FLIGHT AND SO CAN HUNT OVER LARGE WATER BODIES AND ESTUARIES THAT LACK PERCHES THAT ARE REQUIRED BY OTHER KINGFISHERS.
LARGEST OF ITS GROUP 120CMS,OVERALL VERY PALE SANDY/CREAMY COLOURED,WHITE ON UNDERWING COVERTS,WITH CONTRASTING DARK FLIGHT FEATHERS AND TAIL, RUFF FEATHERS ARE LONG AND SPIKY,HEAD IS COVERED IN DOWN WHICH IS YELLOWISH IN ADULTS,LEGS ARE COVERED WITH BUFFY FEATHERS,FEET ARE GREENISH-GREY TO WHITE,FOUND IN MOUNTAINS OF HIMALAYAS ,SOMETIMES STRAYING TO ADJACENT PLAINS.USUALLY FOUND AT ELEVATION OF AROUND 4000 FEET,USUALLY BASK IN THE SUN ON ROCKS OR SOAR IN THERMALS,FEED ON DEAD OR DECAYING FLESH,
90 CMS.,ALSO CALLED LARGE EGRET OR GREAT WHITE HERON .IT IS A LARGE HERON WITH ALL WHITE PLUMAGE.IT IS ONLY SLIGHTLY SMALLER THAN GREAT BLUE OR GREY HERON.IT HAS YELLOW BILL AND BLACK LEGS AND FEET,THOUGH THE BILL MAY BECOME DARKER AND THE LOWER LEGS LIGHTER IN THE BREEDING SEASON.IN BREEDING PLUMAGE ,DELICATE ORNAMENTAL FEATHERS ARE BORNE ON THE BACK.MALES AND FEMALES ARE IDENTICAL.LARGE SIZE SEPARATES IT FROM MOST OTHER WHITE EGRETS EXCEPT INTERMEDIATE EGRET WHEN NOT SEEN TOGETHER.DISTINGUISHED FROM INTERMEDIATE BY LONG THIN NECK WITH A SHARP, ALMOST RECTANGULAR KINK IN IT WHEN NOT FULLY EXTENDED, AND LONG SLIM DAGGER-LIKE BILL (APPEARS LONGER THAN HEAD);GAPE EXTENDS BACK BEHIND EYE;IT HAS A SLOW FLIGHT WITH ITS NECK RETRACTED.IT IS FOUND MAINLY NEAR LOWLAND JHEELS,MARGINS OF LAKES,RIVERS,CREEKS ETC.
78 CMS.,ADULT IS OVERALL DARK TO MIDBROWN BELOW WITH MANY BIRDS SHOWING BOLD DARK BARRING ON THE TAIL AND SLIGHTLY PALER FLIGHT FEATHERS ALONG WITH A BROAD DARK TRAILING EDGE TO BOTH,FEATHERS WHICH ALSO SEPARATE THIS FROM GREATER SPOTTED AND LESSER SPOTTED EAGLES.UPPERPARTS DARK BROWN,OFTEN WITH PALER COVERTS;SOMETIMES A SMALL RUSTY-YELLOW PATCH ON NAPE;SMALL WHITISH PATCH ON RUMP AND DARK TERMINAL BAND ON TAIL.STEPPE EAGLES FEED MAINLY ON FRESH CARRIONS OF ALL KINDS,BUT IT WILL KILL RODENTS AND OTHER SMALL MAMMALS UPTO THE SIZE OF HARE AND BIRDS UPTO THE SIZE OF PATRIDGES.IT WILL ALSO STEAL FOOD FROM OTHER RAPTORS.LIKE OTHER SPECIES THE STEPPE EAGLE HAS A CROP IN ITS THROAT ALLOWING IT TO STORE FOOD FOR SEVERAL HOURS BEFORE BEING MOVED TO STOMACH.
PALLA’S GULL OR GREAT BLACK-HEADED GULL IS A LARGE GULL.THE ADULTS HAVE GREY WINGS AND BACK WITH CONSPICUOUS WHITE MIRRORS AT THE WING-TIPS.THE LEGS ARE YELLOW AND THE BILL IS RED.IN ALL OTHER PLUMAGES A DARK MASK THROUGH THE EYE INDICATES THE VESTIGES OF THE HOOD.THESE BIRDS ARE PREDATORY,TAKING FISH,CRUSTACEANS AND INSECTS AND EVEN SMALL MAMMALS.
31TO35CMS LONG, INCLUDING 6 TO 9 CMSFORK IN THE TAIL.BREEDING ADULTS HAVE PALE GREY UPPER PARTS , VERY PALE GREY UNDER PARTS, BLACK CAP, ORANGE RED LEGS, AND A NARROW POINTED BILL THAT CAN BE MOSTLY RED WITH A BLACK TIP, OR ALL BLACK, DEPENDING ON THE SUBSPECIES. COMMON TERN’S UPPER WINGS ARE PALE GREY, BUT AS THE SUMMER WEARS ON , THE DARK FEATHER SHAFTS OF THE OUTER FLIGHT FEATHERS BECOME EXPOSED, AND A GREY WEDGE APPEARS ON THE WINGS.THE RUMP AND TAIL ARE WHITE, AND ON A STANDING BIRD THE LONG TAIL EXTENDS NO FURTHER THAN THE FOLDED WINGTIPS.IN NONBREEDING ADULTS THE FOREHEAD AND THE UNDERPARTS BECOME WHITE, THE BILL IS ALL BLACK OR BLACK WITH A RED BASE, AND THE LEGS ARE DARK RED OR BLACK.COMMON TERN FEEDS BY PLUNG DIVING FOR FISH FROM A HT. OF 1 TO 6 M, EITHER IN THE SEA OR IN FRESH WATER LAKES AND LARGE RIVERS. THEY MAY EAT LARGE INSECTS LIKE BEETLES AND MOTHS.THEY MAY EAT WORMS, LEECHES MOLLUSKS. ADULT INSECTS MAY BE CAUGHT IN THE AIR.
64 CMS.,ALSO CALLED WHITE SCAVENGER VULTURE OR PHARAOH’S CHICKEN .QUITE DISTINCTIVE LOOKING-RATHER HANDSOME IN FLIGHT BUT SOMEWHAT SCRUFFY WHEN SEEN PERCHED.ADULT’S PLUMAGE IS WHITE,WITH BLACK FLIGHT FEATHERS IN THE WINGS.WILD BIRDS USUALLY APPEAR SOILED WITH A RUSTY OR BROWN SHADE TO THE WHITE PLUMAGE,DERIVED FROM MUD OR IRON RICH SOIL.THE BILL IS SLENDER AND LONG , AND THE TIP OF UPPER MANDIBLE IS HOOKED.THE NOSTRIL IS THE ELONGATED HORIZONTAL SLIT.THE NECK FEATHERS ARE LONG AND FORM A HACKLE.THE WINGS ARE POINTED,WITH THIRD PRIMARY BEING THE LONGEST;THE TAIL IS WEDGE SHAPED.THE LEGS ARE PINK IN ADULTS.THE CLAWS ARE LONG AND STRAIGHT.THE BILL IS PALE OR YELLOWISH IN ADULTS.THE FACIAL SKIN IS YELLOW AND UNFEATHERED DOWN TO THE THROAT.YOUNG BIRDS ARE BLACKISH OR CHOCOLATE BROWN WITH BLACK AND WHITE PATCHES.THEY FEED ON A RANGE OF FOOD ,INCLUDING MAMMAL FAECES INCLUDING HUMAN FAECES ,INSECTS IN THE DUNG,CARRION, VEGETABLE MATTER AND SOMETIMES SMALL ANIMALS.
64 CMS.,ALSO CALLED WHITE SCAVENGER VULTURE OR PHARAOH’S CHICKEN .QUITE DISTINCTIVE LOOKING-RATHER HANDSOME IN FLIGHT BUT SOMEWHAT SCRUFFY WHEN SEEN PERCHED.ADULT’S PLUMAGE IS WHITE,WITH BLACK FLIGHT FEATHERS IN THE WINGS.WILD BIRDS USUALLY APPEAR SOILED WITH A RUSTY OR BROWN SHADE TO THE WHITE PLUMAGE,DERIVED FROM MUD OR IRON RICH SOIL.THE BILL IS SLENDER AND LONG , AND THE TIP OF UPPER MANDIBLE IS HOOKED.THE NOSTRIL IS THE ELONGATED HORIZONTAL SLIT.THE NECK FEATHERS ARE LONG AND FORM A HACKLE.THE WINGS ARE POINTED,WITH THIRD PRIMARY BEING THE LONGEST;THE TAIL IS WEDGE SHAPED.THE LEGS ARE PINK IN ADULTS.THE CLAWS ARE LONG AND STRAIGHT.THE BILL IS PALE OR YELLOWISH IN ADULTS.THE FACIAL SKIN IS YELLOW AND UNFEATHERED DOWN TO THE THROAT.YOUNG BIRDS ARE BLACKISH OR CHOCOLATE BROWN WITH BLACK AND WHITE PATCHES.THEY FEED ON A RANGE OF FOOD ,INCLUDING MAMMAL FAECES INCLUDING HUMAN FAECES ,INSECTS IN THE DUNG,CARRION, VEGETABLE MATTER AND SOMETIMES SMALL ANIMALS.
50 CMS.,THE SEXES ARE ALIKE AND THE MAIN COLOUR OF THE BODY IS CINNAMON WITH A BLACK HEAD AND THE LONG GRADUATED TAIL IS BLUISH GREY AND IS TIPPED IN BLACK.THE WING HAS A WHITE PATCH.THE ONLY CONFUSABLE SPECIES IS GREY TREEPIE WHICH HOWEVER LACKS THE BRIGHT RUFOUS MANTLE.THE BILL IS STOUT WITH A HOOKED TIP.THE UNDERPARTS AND THE LOWER BACK ARE A WARM TAWNY BROWN TO ORANGE BROWN IN COLOUR WITH WHITE WING COVERTS AND BLACK PRIMARIES.THE BILL,LEGS AND FEET ARE BLACK.THE RUFOUS TREEPIE IS AN ARBOREAL OMNIVORE FEEDING ALMOST COMPLETELY IN TREES ON FRUITS,SEEDS,INVERTEBRATES,SMALL REPTILES AND THE EGGS AND YOUNG OF THE BIRDS.IT HAS ALSO BEEN KNOWN TO TAKE FLESH FROM RECENTLY KILLED CARCASSES.IT IS AN AGILE FORAGER,CLINGING AND CLAMBERING THROUGH THE BRANCHES AND SOMETIMES JOINING MIXED HUNTING PARTIES ALONG WITH SPECIES SUCH AS DRONGOS AND BABBLERS.FOUND IN WELL-WOODED AREAS,OPEN FORESTS,PARKS ETC.,SOCIABLE.
48 CMS.,THE COMMONEST AND MOST WIDESPREAD COUCAL.THE HEAD IS BLACK,UPPER MANTLE AND UNDERSIDE ARE BLACK GLOSSED WITH PURPLE .BACK AND WINGS ARE CHESTNUT BROWN.THERE ARE NO PALE SHAFT STREAKS ON THE COVERTS.THE EYES ARE RUBY RED. JUVENILES ARE DULLER BLACK WITH SPOTS ON THE CROWN AND THERE ARE WHITISH BARS ON THE UNDERSIDE AND TAIL.THEY FEED ON INSECTS,CATERPILLARS,AND SMALL VERTEBRATES SUCH AS SAW SCALED VIPERS.THEY ALSO EAT BIRD EGGS,NESTLINGS,FRUITS AND SEEDS.FOUND IN OVERGROWN AND TANGLED SHRUBBERY INLIGHT FOREST,FOREST EDGE,GARDENS,CULTIVATION,TALL GRASSLANDS.
25 CMS.,ALSO CALLED AS RUFOUS BACKED SHRIKE. THE COMMONEST SHRIKE THROUGHOUT MOST OF ITS RANGE.SEPARATED FROM MOST OTHER GREY MANTLED SHRIKES BY THE RUFOUS FLANKS AND LONG TAIL.FAVOURS DRY OPEN HABITATS AND IS FOUND PERCHED PROMINENTLY ATOP A BUSH OR ON A WIRE.THE DARK MASK THROUGH THE EYE IS BROAD AND COVERS THE FOREHEAD IN MOST SUBSPECIES AND THE WHOLE HEAD IS BLACK IN SUBSPECIES TRICOLOR AND NASUTUS.THE TAIL IS NARROW AND GRADUATED WITH PALE RUFOUS ON THE OUTER FEATHERS.A SMALL AMOUNT OF WHITE IS PRESENT AT THE BASE OF THE PRIMARIES.
20 CMS.,IT HAS BROWN UPPER PARTS AND WHITISH UNDERPARTS WITH BUFF FLANKS AND A DARK SPUR RUNNING ONTO THE BREAST AT SHOULDER LEVEL.IT HAS A TALL POINTED BLACK CREST,RED FACE PATCH AND THIN BLACK MOUSTACHIAL LINE.THE TAIL IS LONG AND BROWN WITH WHITE TERMINAL FEATHER TIPS,BUT THE VENT AREA IS RED.THIS IS A BIRD OF LIGHTLY WOODED AREAS,MORE OPEN COUNTRY WITH BUSHES AND SHRUBS AND FARMLAND.THEY FEED ON FRUITS,NECTAR AND INSECTS.
42CMS.,THE MOST COMMON AND WIDESPREAD PARAKEET THROUGHOUT MOST OF THE REGION.MALE IS LARGELY SLIM GREEN BIRD DISTINGUISHED BY THE BLACK AND ROSE COLLAR,ABSENT IN FEMALE.BOTH MALE AND FEMALE ARE MUCH SMALLER AND SMALLER BILLED THAN THE SIMILARLY PLUMAGED ALEXANDRINE PARAKEET AND LACK THAT SPECIES’S OBVIOUS MAROON SHOULDER PATCH.THE TAIL ACCOUNTS FOR A LARGE PORTION OF THEIR TOTAL LENGTH.FOUND MAINLY IN LOWLANDS,VARIETY OF (MAINLY BROADLEAVED) WOODED HABITATS INCLUDING VICINITY OF MAN;CULTIVATION.
28 CMS.,LARGE KINGFISHER THE ADULT HAS A BRIGHT BLUE BACK,WINGS AND TAIL.ITS HEAD,SHOULDERS,FLANKS AND LOWER BELLY ARE CHESTNUT, AND THE THROAT AND BREAST ARE WHITE.THE LARGE BILL AND THE LEGS ARE BRIGHT RED.THE FLIGHT OF THE WHITE-THROATED KINGFISHER IS RAPID AND DIRECT,THE SHORT ROUNDED WINGS WHIRRING.IN FLIGHT LARGE WHITE PATCHES ARE VISIBLE ON THE BLUE AND BLACK WINGS.SEXES ARE SIMILAR.WHITE-THROATED KINGFISHER IS A COMMON SPECIES OF A VARIETY OF HABITATS,MOSTLY OPEN COUNTRY IN THE PLAINS
HAVE YELLOW LEGS.THEY HAVE A GREY BACK,SLIGHTLY DARKER THAN HERRING GULLS BUT LIGHTER THAN LESSER BLACK-BACKED GULLS.THEY ARE MUCH WHITE HEADED IN AUTUMN AND HAVE MORE EXTENSIVELY BLACK WING TIPS WITH FEW WHITE SPOTS,JUST AS LESSER BLACK-BACKED.THEY HAVE A RED SPOT ON THE BILL AS ADULTS.THERE IS A RED RING AROUND THE EYETHEY ARE OMNIVORES ,THEY WILL SCAVENGE ON RUBBISH TIPS AND ELSEWHERE AS WELL AS SEEKING SUITABLE PREY IN FIELDS OR ON THE COASTS, OR ROBBING SMALLER GULLS AND OTHER SEABIRDS OF THEIR CATCHES.
33 CMS.,THE FRANCOLIN IS BARRED THROUGHOUT AND THE FACE IS PALE WITH A THIN BLACK BORDER TO THE PALE THROAT.THE ONLY SIMILAR SPECIES IS THE PAINTED FRANCOLIN,WHICH HAS A RUFOUS VENT.THE MALE CAN HAVE UPTO TWO SPURS ON THE LEGS WHILE FEMALES USUALLY LACK THEM.THEY ARE WEAK FLIERS AND FLY SHORT DISTANCES,ESCAPING INTO UNDERGROWTH.IN FLIGHT IT SHOWS A CHESTNUT TAIL AND DARK PRIMARIES.THEY FEED ON SEEDS,GRAINS AS WELL AS INSECTS,PARTICULARLY TERMITES AND BEETLES.OCCASIONALLY THEY CAN TAKE LARGER PREY LIKE SNAKES.
13 TO 14 CMS. FROM BILL TO TAIL.IT HAS A ROUNDED HEAD WITH A NARROW PALE-GREY STRIPE ARCHING OVER CONSPICUOUS BLACK EYES AND SHORT ROUNDED WINGS.THEY ARE RICH CHESTNUT OR DARK REDDISH-BROWN COLOUR ON THE UPPER PARTS.THEY ARE PALE-GREY ON THE THROAT AND STOMACH WITH LONGER AND BROADER TAIL THAN MANY OTHER WARBLERS.BOTH SEXES LOOK ALIKE.CETTI’S WARBLER USUALLY INHABITS DAMP AREAS INCLUDING PONDS,LAKES,MARSHES AND RIVERS.IT IS INSECTIVOROUS.THEY PREY ON ARTHROPODS,SUCH AS SMALL SOFT BODIED INSECTS AND LARVAE.THEY PREFER TINY INSECTS BECAUSE THEY CAN DIGEST THEM FASTER.
20CMS.,BLACK AND WHITE BIRD WITH A LONG TAIL,MALE HAS BLACK UPPER PARTS,HEAD AND THROAT APART FROM A WHITE SHOULDER PATCH. UNDERPARTS AND SIDES OF LONG TAIL ARE WHITE.COMMONLY SEEN IN PARKS,GARDENS,SCRUB,FOREST.NOT PARTICULARLY SHY.THEY NEST IN TREE HOLLOWS,NICHES IN WALLS OR BUILDINGS,THEY FEED ON INSECTS AND OTHER INVERTEBRATES,OCCASIONALLY THEY CAN FEED ON FLOWER NECTAR,LEECHES,CENTIPEDES AND EVEN FISH.FEMALES ARE GREYISH BLACK ABOVE AND GREYISH WHITE BELOW.THEY ARE PARTICULARLY WELL KNOWN FOR THEIR SONGS.
64 CMS.,MEDIUM-SIZED BIRD OF PREY THAT IS PRIMARILY GREY-BROWN IN COLOUR WITH BROAD BLUNT WINGS AND COARSE FEATHERLESS LEGS.THEY ARE SMALLER THAN THE SIMILAR GREY-HEADED FISH EAGLE AND MAY OFTEN GET CONFUSED WITH SIMILAR SPECIES.THE LESSER FISH EAGLE HAS A BROWN BREAST WITH WHITE THIGHS AND BELLY.THEY HAVE A SHORT ROUNDED TAIL WITH A LONG NECK AND A SMALL HEAD.ADULTS HAVE YELLOW EYES AND JUVENILES HAVE BROWN EYES.FEEDS PRIMARILY ON FISH WHICH IT SNATCHES FROM WATER AS IT OBSERVES THEM FROM ABOVE ON A PERCH,WHICH MAY BE AN OVERHANGING TREE OR A ROCK IN THE MIDDLE OF A STREAM.THEY HAVE SEVERAL PERSONAL PERCHES THAT THEY OFTEN SWITCH BETWEEN THROUGHOUT THEIR FEEDING TIME.THEY INHABIT VARIOUS FORMS OF RIVERS,LAKES AND WETLANDS AND ARE SEEN MOST OFTEN ALONG HILL STREAMS AND FAST MOVING WATERS.
21CMS.,MOST FAMILIAR OWL,HAS WHITE SPOTTING ON THE HEAD,FOUND NEAR VILLAGES,CULTIVATION,LIGHT FOREST,SEMI DESERT,IT HAS ALSO ADAPTED TO LIVE IN CITIES,IT NESTS IN A HOLE IN A TREE OR A BUILDING,ITS UPPER PARTS ARE GREY BROWN,HEAVILY SPOTTED WITH WHITE,UNDERPARTS ARE WHITE STREAKED WITH BROWN,FACIAL DISC IS PALE AND IRIS IS YELLOW.THERE IS A WHITE NECKBAND AND SUPERCILIUM.IT HUNTS A VARIETY OF INSECTS AND SMALL VERTEBRATES,MAY TAKE RODENTS,BATS,TOADS, SMALL SNAKES,MAY ALSO TAKE SCORPIONS AND MOLLUSCS.
42CMS.,ALSO KNOWN AS EURASIAN COOT .IT IS LARGELY BLACK EXCEPT FOR THE WHITE FRONTAL SHIELD .SEEN IN LAKES,JHEELS AND TANKS.COOT IS AN OMNIVORE AND WILL TAKE A VARIETY OF SMALL LIVE PREY INCLUDING THE EGGS OF OTHER WATER BIRDS,AS WELL AS ALGAE, VEGETATION ,SEEDS AND FRUIT.IT HAS VARIATIONS IN FEEDING TECHNIQUES ,GRAZING ON LAND OR IN WATER.IN WATER IT MAY UPEND IN THE FASHION OF A MALLARD OR DIVE IN SEARCH OF FOOD.
32 CMS.,DARK PLUMAGE APART FROM THE WHITE UNDERTAIL,YELLOW LEGS AND A RED FRONTAL SHIELD.THE YOUNG ARE BROWNER AND LACK THE RED SHIELD.FRONTAL SHIELD OF THE ADULT HAS A ROUNDED TOP AND FAIRLY PARALLEL SIDES;THE TAILWARD MARGIN OF THE RED UNFEATHERED AREA IS A SMOOTH WAVING LINE.FOUND AROUND LAKES AND JHEELS WITH OPEN WATER AND FRINGING MARSHY VEGETATION.THEY CONSUME A WIDE VARIETY OF VEGETABLE MATERIAL AND SMALL AQUATIC CREATURES.THEY FORAGE BESIDE OR IN THE WATER,SOMETIMES WALKING ON LILYPADS OR UPENDING IN WATER TO FEED.THEY ARE OFTEN SECRETIVE,BUT CAN BECOME TAME IN SOME AREAS.
29 CMS.,WHITE SPOTTING ON BLACK THROAT,WHITE SPOTS ON SHOULDERS,AND WHITE BARRING ON FOLDED BLACK PRIMARIES SEPARATE THIS SPECIES FROM THE OTHER FLAMEBACKS.THE BLACK RUMP DISTINGUISHES FROM ALL BUT WHITE-NAPED WOODPECKER BUT IS OFTEN DIFFICULT TO SEE ON A PERCHED INDIVIDUAL.HAS FOUR TOES.ON FEMALE FORECROWN IS BLACK STREAKED WITH WHITE,HIND CROWN IS RED.THE COMMONEST FLAMEBACK IN MOST OF THE SUBCONTINENT.SEEN IN ALL TYPES OF WOODLANDS BUT AVOIDING DENSER FOREST.
48 CMS.,THE COMMONEST AND MOST WIDESPREAD COUCAL.THE HEAD IS BLACK,UPPER MANTLE AND UNDERSIDE ARE BLACK GLOSSED WITH PURPLE .BACK AND WINGS ARE CHESTNUT BROWN.THERE ARE NO PALE SHAFT STREAKS ON THE COVERTS.THE EYES ARE RUBY RED. JUVENILES ARE DULLER BLACK WITH SPOTS ON THE CROWN AND THERE ARE WHITISH BARS ON THE UNDERSIDE AND TAIL.THEY FEED ON INSECTS,CATERPILLARS,AND SMALL VERTEBRATES SUCH AS SAW SCALED VIPERS.THEY ALSO EAT BIRD EGGS,NESTLINGS,FRUITS AND SEEDS.FOUND IN OVERGROWN AND TANGLED SHRUBBERY INLIGHT FOREST,FOREST EDGE,GARDENS,CULTIVATION,TALL GRASSLANDS.
46 CMS.,ALSO CALLED AS PADDY-BIRD,THEY APPEAR STOCKY WITH A SHORT NECK,SHORT THICK BILL,AND BUFF BROWN BACK.IN SUMMER ADULTS HAVE LONG NECK FEATHERS.BREEDING INDIAN POND HERON CAN BE DIFFERENTIATED FROM BREEDING CHINESE POND HERON BY DEEP MAROON BACK WITH PALE BROWNISH -YELLOW HEAD,NECK AND BREAST.NON-BREEDING BIRD IS INCONSPICUOUS DULL EARTHY-BROWN BIRD THAT SUDDENLY BECOMES STARTINGLY OBVIOUS WHEN IT SPREADS ITS WHITE WINGS IN FLIGHT;INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM NONBREEDING CHINESE POND HERON.FOUND IN ALL KINDS OF SHALLOW WETLANDS,BOTH LARGE AND SMALL.BREEDS AND ROOSTS COLONIALLY;FEEDS ALONE.THE PRIMARY FOOD OF THESE BIRDS INCLUDES CRUSTACEANS,AQUATIC INSECTS,FISHES,TADPOLES AND SOMETIMES LEECHES.THEY ALSO FEED ON CRICKETS,DRAGON FLIES,AND BEES.
25 CMS.LACKS BLACK BEHIND EYE, FOUND IN OPEN WOODED COUNTRY,PLANTATIONS,OPEN BROADLEAF FORESTS,ORCHARDS,LARGE GARDENS, GROVES,IT IS A VAGRANT BIRD, MALE IS STRIKING IN TYPICAL ORIOLE BLACK AND YELLOW PLUMAGE ,FEMALE IS A DRABBER GREEN BIRD.ORIOLES ARE SHY BIRDS SO DIFFICULT TO SEE IN DAPPLED YELLOW AND GREEN LEAVES OF CANOPY. THEY FEED ON INSECTS AND FRUITS.MAINLY FOUND IN NORTH WESTERN INDIA.
12CMS.,SIMILAR TO HOUSE SPARROW BUT SMALLER AND SLIMMER.MALE HAS GREY CROWN,HIND-NAPE AND SIDES OF NECK;SMALLER,NEATER BLACK BIB;CHESTNUT- BROWN LINE AROUND EAR COVERTS;REDDISH-BROWN RUMP.FEMALE HAS LONGER,WELL DEFINED PALE SUPERCILIUM;GREYER CROWN AND EAR COVERTS;WHITE UNDERPARTS.FOUND NEAR SHISHAM,ACACIAS,SCRUB AND GRASS-LAND IN VICINITY OF WATER IN INDUS FLOODPLAINS.FEEDS MAINLY ON SEEDS OF GRASSES,AND OTHER PLANTS.
15CMS.,DARK ALMOST UNSTREAKED UPPERPARTS SEPARATE FEMALE FROM OTHER FEMALE BUSHCHATS EXCEPT JERDON’S BUSHCHAT WHICH LACKS SUPERCILIUM AND PIED BUSHCHAT WHICH HAS RUFOUS BROWN UNDERPARTS.FOUND IN OPEN SCRUBBY SLOPES,FOREST EDGE,BARBERRY,JUNIPER,CULTIVATION,SCRUBBY HILLSIDES,SECOND GROWTH,GRASSLAND WITH BUSHES,TEA GARDENS.
14CMS.,FOUND IN NORTHERN REGIONS OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT,PRIMARILY IN MID-ALTITUDES OF THE HIMALAYAS,HAS DISTINCTIVE HEAD PATTERN ,JUVENILE CAN BE DIFFERENTIATED FROM BLACK-HEADED GREENFINCH BY PALE SUPERCILIUM,YELLOW ON UNDERPARTS AND SIDES OF NECK,FOUND AT 1800 TO 4400 MTS. IN SUMMERS AND AT 900 TO 1500 MTS. IN WINTER.FOUND IN FORESTS,FOREST EDGE,GARDENS AND SCRUB.FLOCKS IN WINTER.
12 CMS.,IT IS SMALL SIZED WITH SHORT TAIL.FOUND AT 1800 TO 3300 METRES IN SUMMERS AND AT 900 TO 2000 METRES IN WINTERS.FOUND NEAR ROCKY MOUNTAIN TORRENTS, ALSO NEAR SLOWER WATERS IN WINTERS.THESE ARE SMALL INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS.ADULT MALES AND FEMALES HAVE BLACK-BLUISH TINGED HEAD (EXCEPT THE FOREHEAD),NECK,CRAW AND BACK.THE WINGS ARE BLACK BROWN WITH THEBROAD WHITE ACROSS BAND.THE FOREHEAD;BAND ACROSS THE BACK;BREAST AND ABDOMEN ARE WHITE.THE TAIL IS DICHROMATIC.THE TWO CENTRAL PAIRS OF THE TAIL FEATHERS ARE BLACK BROWN WITH WHITE BASES;THE OUTER PAIR IS ALL WHITE;THE OTHER TAIL FEATHERS ARE WHITE WITH DARK TERMINAL SPOTS,LESS ON THE OUTER FEATHERS AND LARGER ON THE FEATHERS CLOSER TO CENTRE.THE LEGS ARE PINKISH WHITE ,ALMOST WHITE.THE BILL IS BLACK.THE EYES ARE DARK BROWN.JUVENILES HAVE BROWNISH BLACK UPPERPARTS EXCEPT THE BROAD WHITE BAND ACROSS THE BACK AND THE WINGS;AND WHITISH UPPER TAIL.THE UNDERPARTS ARE WHITE WITH BLACKISH GREY BORDERS ON THE TIPS OF THE FEATHERS OF THE CRAW AND THE BREAST.
15 CMS.,MALE IS LIKE MALE OF VIVID NILTAVA BUT ENTIRE RHROAT IS BLUE.FEMALE IS DIFFERENT FROM VIVID NILTAVA BY WHITE GORGET,BLUE PATCH AT SIDE OF NECK.SEEN AT HEIGHT OF 900 TO 3200 METRES IN SUMMERS, AT LESS THAN 2300 METRES IN WINTERS. FOUND IN FOREST UNDERGROWTH/LOWER STOREY,DAMP OVERGROWN GULLIES,SECOND GROWTH.
20CMS.,FOUND AT 1800 TO 3000 METRES IN SUMMERS,IN WINTERS FOUND AT 1000 TO 1800 METRES.FOUND IN SCRUB,BUSHES,UNDERGROWTH AND GARDENS.THEY ARE MEDIUM SIZED LANDBIRDS.THESE BIRDS HAVE STRONG LEGS AND ARE QUITE TERRESTRIAL.THIS GROUP IS NOT STRONGLY MIGRATORY AND MOST SPECIES HAVE SHORT ROUNDED WINGS AND A WEAK FLIGHT.
27 CMS.,ALSO CALLED LARGE GREEN BARBET.IT IS A PLUMP BIRD,WITH A SHORT NECK,LARGE HEAD AND SHORT TAIL.IT HAS A STREAKED BROWN HEAD,NECK AND BREAST,WITH A YELLOW EYE PATCH.REST OF THE PLUMAGE IS GREEN.THE BILL IS THICK AND RED.SEXES ARE SIMILAR.IT IS AN ARBOREAL SPECIES OF GARDENS AND WOODED COUNTRY WHICH EATS FRUITS AND INSECTS.IT IS FAIRLY TOLERANT OF HUMANS AND IS OFTEN SEEN IN CITIES,IN GREENERY.THE BIRD IS LARGELY FRUGIVOROUS ON MANGOES,RIPE JACK,PAPYA,BANANA,FIGS AND SIMILAR CULTIVATED FRUIT TREES.
64 CMS.,ALSO CALLED WHITE SCAVENGER VULTURE OR PHARAOH’S CHICKEN .QUITE DISTINCTIVE LOOKING-RATHER HANDSOME IN FLIGHT BUT SOMEWHAT SCRUFFY WHEN SEEN PERCHED.ADULT’S PLUMAGE IS WHITE,WITH BLACK FLIGHT FEATHERS IN THE WINGS.WILD BIRDS USUALLY APPEAR SOILED WITH A RUSTY OR BROWN SHADE TO THE WHITE PLUMAGE,DERIVED FROM MUD OR IRON RICH SOIL.THE BILL IS SLENDER AND LONG , AND THE TIP OF UPPER MANDIBLE IS HOOKED.THE NOSTRIL IS THE ELONGATED HORIZONTAL SLIT.THE NECK FEATHERS ARE LONG AND FORM A HACKLE.THE WINGS ARE POINTED,WITH THIRD PRIMARY BEING THE LONGEST;THE TAIL IS WEDGE SHAPED.THE LEGS ARE PINK IN ADULTS.THE CLAWS ARE LONG AND STRAIGHT.THE BILL IS PALE OR YELLOWISH IN ADULTS.THE FACIAL SKIN IS YELLOW AND UNFEATHERED DOWN TO THE THROAT.YOUNG BIRDS ARE BLACKISH OR CHOCOLATE BROWN WITH BLACK AND WHITE PATCHES.THEY FEED ON A RANGE OF FOOD ,INCLUDING MAMMAL FAECES INCLUDING HUMAN FAECES ,INSECTS IN THE DUNG,CARRION, VEGETABLE MATTER AND SOMETIMES SMALL ANIMALS.
50 CMS.,THE SEXES ARE ALIKE AND THE MAIN COLOUR OF THE BODY IS CINNAMON WITH A BLACK HEAD AND THE LONG GRADUATED TAIL IS BLUISH GREY AND IS TIPPED IN BLACK.THE WING HAS A WHITE PATCH.THE ONLY CONFUSABLE SPECIES IS GREY TREEPIE WHICH HOWEVER LACKS THE BRIGHT RUFOUS MANTLE.THE BILL IS STOUT WITH A HOOKED TIP.THE UNDERPARTS AND THE LOWER BACK ARE A WARM TAWNY BROWN TO ORANGE BROWN IN COLOUR WITH WHITE WING COVERTS AND BLACK PRIMARIES.THE BILL,LEGS AND FEET ARE BLACK.THE RUFOUS TREEPIE IS AN ARBOREAL OMNIVORE FEEDING ALMOST COMPLETELY IN TREES ON FRUITS,SEEDS,INVERTEBRATES,SMALL REPTILES AND THE EGGS AND YOUNG OF THE BIRDS.IT HAS ALSO BEEN KNOWN TO TAKE FLESH FROM RECENTLY KILLED CARCASSES.IT IS AN AGILE FORAGER,CLINGING AND CLAMBERING THROUGH THE BRANCHES AND SOMETIMES JOINING MIXED HUNTING PARTIES ALONG WITH SPECIES SUCH AS DRONGOS AND BABBLERS.FOUND IN WELL-WOODED AREAS,OPEN FORESTS,PARKS ETC.,SOCIABLE.
15 CMS.,MALES WITH GREY CROWN,NAPE,BACK AND MANTLE,BLACK THROAT AND MASK,ORANGE BREAST AND RUMP.FEMALE WITH ORANGE RUMP.IT HAS A STRONG DARK BEAK AND LONG WINGS.FOUND IN MAINLY LOWLANDS,OPEN FOREST,SEMI DESERT,THORN FOREST,SCRUB,GROVES,GARDENS.MINIVET CATCHES INSECTS IN TREES BY FLYCATCHING OR WHILE PERCHED.
THE BIRD IS SMALL 8 TO 9 CMS. LONG WITH YELLOWISH -OLIVE UPPERPARTS,A WHITE EYE-RING,YELLOW THROAT AND VENT.THE BELLY IS WHITISH GREY BUT MAY HAVE YELLOW IN SOME SUBSPECIES.THE SEXES LOOK SIMILAR.THE SPECIES IS FOUND IN A WIDE RANGE OF HABITATS FROM SCRUB TO MOIST FORESTS.THOUGH MAINLY INSECTIVOROUS ,THE ORIENTAL WHITE EYE WILL ALSO EAT NECTAR AND FRUITS OF VARIOUS KINDS .THEY HAVE BEEN OBSERVED BATHING IN DEW ACCUMMULATED ON LEAVES.THEIR PREDATORS INCLUDE BATS AND BIRDS SUCH AS THE WHITE THROATED KINGFISHER.
GREAT TIT IS A LARGE FOR A TIT AT 12.5 TO 14 CMS.IN LENGTH,AND HAS A DISTINCTIVE APPEARANCE THAT MAKES IT EASY TO RECOGNISE.IT HAS A BLUISH- BLACK CROWN,BLACK NECK ,THROAT,BIB AND HEAD AND WHITE CHEEKS AND EAR COVERTS.THE BREAST IS BRIGHT LEMON-YELLOW AND THERE IS A BROAD BLACK MIDLINE STRIPE RUNNING FROM BIB TO VENT.THERE IS A DULL WHITE SPOT ON THE NECK TURNING TO GREENISH YELLOW ON THE UPPER NAPE.THE REST OF THE NAPE AND BACK ARE GREEN TINGED WITH OLIVE.THE WING COVERTS ARE GREEN,THE REST OF THE WING IS BLUISH- GREY WITH WHITE WING-BAR.THE TAIL IS BLUISH-GREY WITH WHITE OUTER TIPS.COMMONLY FOUND IN OPEN DECIDUOUS WOODLAND,MIXED FORESTS AND FOREST EDGES.IN DENSE FORESTS LIKE CONIFER FORESTS IT IS FOUND USUALLY FOUND IN FOREST CLEARINGS.FEEDS ON INSECTS AND SPIDERS,GRASSHOPPERS,CRICKETS,COCKROACHES,ANTS,FLIES.IN AUTUMN AND WINTERS GREAT TITS ADD BERRIES AND SEEDS TO THEIR DIET.
33CMS.A FAIRLY DISTINCTIVE SMALL RAPTOR WITH POINTED WINGS. COULD BE MISTAKEN FOR A HARRIER ,BUT NOTE THE BLACK SHOULDER.COMMONLY HOVERS WHEN SEARCHING FOR PREY ,A HABIT NOT USUALLY SHARED BY THE HARRIERS WHICH ARE MUCH LARGER,SLIMMER AND LONGER-WINGED.GENERALLY SEEN IN DRIER OPEN COUNTRY OF THE LOWLANDS,IN URBAN AREAS FOUND ON THE EDGE OF THE TOWNS OR WASTE LANDS,PREFER OPEN AREAS WITH SCATTERED CLUMPS OF TREES,INCLUDING TREE LINED WATERCOURSES.ADULTS ARE A VERY PALE GREY WITH A WHITE HEAD AND WHITE UNDERPARTS.THE LEADING EDGE OF THE INNER WING IS BLACK.WHEN PERCHED, THIS GIVES THEM THEIR PROMINENT BLACK ‘SHOULDERS’.THEY HAVE RED EYES, WITH BLACK COMMA THAT EXTENDS BEHIND THE EYES.THEY HAVE A SQUARED TAIL AND A STREAMLINED AERODYNAMIC BODY. BILL IS SHORT WITH A SHARP HOOKED TIP TO THE UPPER MANDIBLE.BILL IS BLACK AND NOSTRILS , SKIN AT BASE OF BILL ARE BRIGHT YELLOW.LIVE ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY ON MICE,ON AVAILABILITY THEY CAN TAKE GRASSHOPPERS, RATS,SMALL REPTILES,BIRDS AND EVEN VERY RARELY RABBITS.
BLACK-WINGED STILT,COMMON STILT OR PIED STILT IS 33 TO 36 CMS. LONG.THEY HAVE LONG PINK LEGS,A LONG THIN BLACK BILL,AND ARE BLACKISH ABOVE AND WHITE BELOW,WITH A WHITE HEAD AND NECK WITH A VARYING AMOUNT OF BLACK.MALES HAVE A BLACK BACK,OFTEN WITH GREENISH GLOSS.FEMALES’ BACKS HAVE A BROWN HUE,CONTRASTING WITH BLACK REMIGES.MALES OFTEN HAVE MUCH BLACK PARTICULARLY IN SUMMERS,WHILE FEMALES TEND TO HAVE LESS BLACK ON HEAD AND NECK ALL YEAR AROUND.MALES MAY ALSO GET ALL WHITE HEADS IN WINTERS.THESE BIRDS PICK UP THEIR FOOD FROM SANDS OR WATER.THEY MAINLY EAT INSECTS OR CRUSTACEANS.
17 CMS.,DIFFERENTIATED FROM SAND PLOVERS BY WHITE COLLAR.ADULTS HAVE A GREY-BROWN BACK AND WINGS,A WHITE BELLY,AND A WHITE BREAST WITH ONE BLACK NECKBAND.THEY HAVE A BROWN CAP,WHITE FOREHEAD,A BLACK MASK AROUND THE EYES WITH WHITE ABOVE AND A SHORT DARK BILL.THE LEGS ARE FLESH COLOURED AND THE TOES ARE ALL WEBBED.FOUND NEAR SHINGLE SHORES AND MUDBANKS OF LAKES,RIVERS,POOLS,COASTS ETC.
THIS KINGFISHER IS ABOUT 17 CMS. LONG AND IS WHITE WITH A BLACK MASK,A WHITE SUPERCILIUM AND BLACK BREAST BANDS.THE CREST IS NEAT AND UPPERPARTS ARE BARRED IN BLACK.MALES HAVE A NARROW SECOND BREAST BAND WHILE FEMALES HAVE A SINGLE BROKEN BREAST BAND.WHEN PERCHED ,THEY OFTEN BOB THEIR HEAD AND FLICK UP THEIR TAIL.THEY FEED ON FISH,CRUSTACEANS,LARGE AQUATIC INSECTS SUCH AS DRAGONFLY LARVAE.IT USUALLY HUNTS BY HOVERING OVER THE WATER TO DETECT PREY AND DIVING VERTICALLY DOWN BILL-FIRST TO CAPTURE FISH.THEY CAN DEAL WITH PREY WITHOUT RETURNING TO PERCH ,OFTEN SWALLOWING SMALL PREY IN FLIGHT AND SO CAN HUNT OVER LARGE WATER BODIES AND ESTUARIES THAT LACK PERCHES THAT ARE REQUIRED BY OTHER KINGFISHERS.
IT IS A FAIRLY LARGE DUCK. MALE IS 59 TO 76 CMS., FEMALE IS 51 TO 64 CMS., BREEDING PLUMAGED MALE HAS A CHOCOLATE BROWN HEAD AND WHITE BREAST WITH A WHITE STRIPE EXTENDING UP THE SIDE OF THE NECK.ITS UPPERPARTS AND SIDES ARE GREY, BUT ELONGATED GREY FEATHERS WITH BLACK CENTRAL STRIPES ARE DRAPED ACROSS THE BACK FROM THE SHOULDER AREA.VENT AREA IS YELLOW CONTRASTING WITH BLACK UNDERSIDE OF THE TAIL, WHICH HAS THE CENTRAL FEATHERS ELONGATED TO AS MUCH AS 10 CMS.BILL IS BLUISH AND LEGS ARE BLUE-GREY.ADULT FEMALE IS MAINLY SCALLOPED AND MOTTLED IN LIGHT BROWN WITH A MORE UNIFORMLY GREY BROWN HEAD, ITS POINTED TAIL IS SHORTER THAN MALE’S.IT HAS LONG NECK AND LONG GREY BILL. PINTAIL WALKS WELL ON LAND, AND SWIMS WELL.IT HAS A VERY FAST FLIGHT, WITH ITS WINGS SLIGHTLY SWEPT BACK.IT FEEDS BY DABBLING AND UPENDING IN SHALLOW WATER FOR PLANT FOOD MAINLY IN THE EVENING OR AT NIGHT.ITS LONG NECK ENABLES IT TO TAKE FOOD ITEMS FROM THE BOTTOM OF WATER BODIES UPTO 30 CMS. DEEP.IT ALSO FEEDS ON ROOTS , GRAINS AND OTHER SEEDS IN THE FIELDS.
31TO35CMS LONG, INCLUDING 6 TO 9 CMSFORK IN THE TAIL.BREEDING ADULTS HAVE PALE GREY UPPER PARTS , VERY PALE GREY UNDER PARTS, BLACK CAP, ORANGE RED LEGS, AND A NARROW POINTED BILL THAT CAN BE MOSTLY RED WITH A BLACK TIP, OR ALL BLACK, DEPENDING ON THE SUBSPECIES. COMMON TERN’S UPPER WINGS ARE PALE GREY, BUT AS THE SUMMER WEARS ON , THE DARK FEATHER SHAFTS OF THE OUTER FLIGHT FEATHERS BECOME EXPOSED, AND A GREY WEDGE APPEARS ON THE WINGS.THE RUMP AND TAIL ARE WHITE, AND ON A STANDING BIRD THE LONG TAIL EXTENDS NO FURTHER THAN THE FOLDED WINGTIPS.IN NONBREEDING ADULTS THE FOREHEAD AND THE UNDERPARTS BECOME WHITE, THE BILL IS ALL BLACK OR BLACK WITH A RED BASE, AND THE LEGS ARE DARK RED OR BLACK.COMMON TERN FEEDS BY PLUNG DIVING FOR FISH FROM A HT. OF 1 TO 6 M, EITHER IN THE SEA OR IN FRESH WATER LAKES AND LARGE RIVERS. THEY MAY EAT LARGE INSECTS LIKE BEETLES AND MOTHS.THEY MAY EAT WORMS, LEECHES MOLLUSKS. ADULT INSECTS MAY BE CAUGHT IN THE AIR.
25CMS.,IT RESEMBLES A SMALL ELEGANT GREENSHANK WITH A LONG FINE BILL AND A VERY LONG YELLOWISH LEGS.LIKE THE GREENSHANK IT IS GREYISH-BROWN IN BREEDING PLUMAGE,PALER IN WINTER, AND HAS A WHITE WEDGE UP ITS BACK THAT IS VISIBLE IN FLIGHT.HOWEVER IT IS MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO THE COMMON REDSHANK AND THE WOOD SANDPIPER.TOGETHER THEY FORM A GROUP OF SMALLISH SHANKS WHICH TEND TO HAVE RED OR REDDISH LEGS AND IN BREEDING PLUMAGE ARE GENERALLY A SUBDUED,LIGHT-BROWN ABOVE WITH SOME DARKER MOTTLING ,WITH A PATTERN OF SOMEWHAT DIFFUSE SMALL BROWNISH SPOTS ON THE BREAST AND NECK.THEY PREFER TO WINTER ON FRESH WATER WETLANDS SUCH AS SWAMPS AND LAKES.THEY MAINLY EAT INSECTS AND SIMILAR SMALL PREY.
16CMS.,MALE IS MAINLY BLACK WITH A WHITE SHOULDER PATCH OR A STRIPE ,WHOSE VISIBLE EXTENT CAN VARY WITH POSTURE. UNDERPARTS ARE GREY BROWN ,IT HAS CHEST-NUT VENT AND ROFOUS-TINGED EAR COVERTS..NORTHERN POPULATIONS HAVE UPPER PLUMAGE BROWNISH WHILE SOUTHERN POPULATIONS ARE BLACK ABOVE.FEMALES ARE BROWNISH ABOVE ,HAVE NO WHITE SHOULDER STRIPE AND ARE GREYISH BELOW WITH THE VENT A PALER SHADE OF CHESTNUT THAN THE MALES. THIS BIRD IS FOUND IN OPEN STONY,GRASSY AND SCRUB FOREST HABITATS.THEY ARE MAINLY FOUND IN DRY HABITATS AND ARE MOSTLY ABSENT FROM THE THICKER FOREST REGIONS AND HIGH RAINFALL AREAS.THEY FEED MOSTLY ON INSECTS BUT ARE KNOWN TO TAKE FROGS AND LIZARDS ESPECIALLY WHEN FEEDING YOUNG AT THE NEST.
75 CMS.,DIAGNOSTIC BARRING ON HEAD.HIGHLY GREGARIOUS.IN SUMMERS FOUND AT HIGH ALTITUDE MARSHY AREAS BY LAKES IN LADAKH.IN WINTERS FOUND NEAR LARGE LAKES,RIVERS,JHEELS AND FARMLAND.THE BIRD IS PALE-GREY WITH BLACK BARS ON ITS HEAD.IT IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S HIGHEST FLYING BIRD.THESE HAVE BEEN HEARD FLYING OVER MOUNT MAKALU(27825 FT.) AND MOUNT EVEREST(29029 FT.)BAR HEADED GOOSE IS OFTEN KEPT IN CAPTIVITY AS IT IS CONSIDERED BEAUTIFUL AND BREEDS EASILY.FEEDS ON BARLEY,RICE AND WHEAT AND MAY DAMAGE CROPS.
PALLA’S GULL OR GREAT BLACK-HEADED GULL IS A LARGE GULL.THE ADULTS HAVE GREY WINGS AND BACK WITH CONSPICUOUS WHITE MIRRORS AT THE WING-TIPS.THE LEGS ARE YELLOW AND THE BILL IS RED.IN ALL OTHER PLUMAGES A DARK MASK THROUGH THE EYE INDICATES THE VESTIGES OF THE HOOD.THESE BIRDS ARE PREDATORY,TAKING FISH,CRUSTACEANS AND INSECTS AND EVEN SMALL MAMMALS.
78 CMS.,ADULT IS OVERALL DARK TO MIDBROWN BELOW WITH MANY BIRDS SHOWING BOLD DARK BARRING ON THE TAIL AND SLIGHTLY PALER FLIGHT FEATHERS ALONG WITH A BROAD DARK TRAILING EDGE TO BOTH,FEATHERS WHICH ALSO SEPARATE THIS FROM GREATER SPOTTED AND LESSER SPOTTED EAGLES.UPPERPARTS DARK BROWN,OFTEN WITH PALER COVERTS;SOMETIMES A SMALL RUSTY-YELLOW PATCH ON NAPE;SMALL WHITISH PATCH ON RUMP AND DARK TERMINAL BAND ON TAIL.STEPPE EAGLES FEED MAINLY ON FRESH CARRIONS OF ALL KINDS,BUT IT WILL KILL RODENTS AND OTHER SMALL MAMMALS UPTO THE SIZE OF HARE AND BIRDS UPTO THE SIZE OF PATRIDGES.IT WILL ALSO STEAL FOOD FROM OTHER RAPTORS.LIKE OTHER SPECIES THE STEPPE EAGLE HAS A CROP IN ITS THROAT ALLOWING IT TO STORE FOOD FOR SEVERAL HOURS BEFORE BEING MOVED TO STOMACH.
78 CMS.,ADULT IS OVERALL DARK TO MIDBROWN BELOW WITH MANY BIRDS SHOWING BOLD DARK BARRING ON THE TAIL AND SLIGHTLY PALER FLIGHT FEATHERS ALONG WITH A BROAD DARK TRAILING EDGE TO BOTH,FEATHERS WHICH ALSO SEPARATE THIS FROM GREATER SPOTTED AND LESSER SPOTTED EAGLES.UPPERPARTS DARK BROWN,OFTEN WITH PALER COVERTS;SOMETIMES A SMALL RUSTY-YELLOW PATCH ON NAPE;SMALL WHITISH PATCH ON RUMP AND DARK TERMINAL BAND ON TAIL.STEPPE EAGLES FEED MAINLY ON FRESH CARRIONS OF ALL KINDS,BUT IT WILL KILL RODENTS AND OTHER SMALL MAMMALS UPTO THE SIZE OF HARE AND BIRDS UPTO THE SIZE OF PATRIDGES.IT WILL ALSO STEAL FOOD FROM OTHER RAPTORS.LIKE OTHER SPECIES THE STEPPE EAGLE HAS A CROP IN ITS THROAT ALLOWING IT TO STORE FOOD FOR SEVERAL HOURS BEFORE BEING MOVED TO STOMACH.
90 CMS.,ALSO CALLED LARGE EGRET OR GREAT WHITE HERON .IT IS A LARGE HERON WITH ALL WHITE PLUMAGE.IT IS ONLY SLIGHTLY SMALLER THAN GREAT BLUE OR GREY HERON.IT HAS YELLOW BILL AND BLACK LEGS AND FEET,THOUGH THE BILL MAY BECOME DARKER AND THE LOWER LEGS LIGHTER IN THE BREEDING SEASON.IN BREEDING PLUMAGE ,DELICATE ORNAMENTAL FEATHERS ARE BORNE ON THE BACK.MALES AND FEMALES ARE IDENTICAL.LARGE SIZE SEPARATES IT FROM MOST OTHER WHITE EGRETS EXCEPT INTERMEDIATE EGRET WHEN NOT SEEN TOGETHER.DISTINGUISHED FROM INTERMEDIATE BY LONG THIN NECK WITH A SHARP, ALMOST RECTANGULAR KINK IN IT WHEN NOT FULLY EXTENDED, AND LONG SLIM DAGGER-LIKE BILL (APPEARS LONGER THAN HEAD);GAPE EXTENDS BACK BEHIND EYE;IT HAS A SLOW FLIGHT WITH ITS NECK RETRACTED.IT IS FOUND MAINLY NEAR LOWLAND JHEELS,MARGINS OF LAKES,RIVERS,CREEKS ETC.
31 CMS.,ALSO KNOWN AS PEEWIT OR PEWIT ,GREEN PLOVER.IT HAS ROUNDED WINGS AND A CREST.IT IS THE SHORTEST- LEGGED OF THE LAPWINGS.IT IS MAINLY BLACK AND WHITE,BUT THE BACK IS TINTED GREEN.THE MALE HAS A LONG CREST AND A BLACK CROWN,THROAT AND BREAST CONTRASTING WITH AN OTHERWISE WHITE FACE.FEMALES AND YOUNG BIRDS HAVE SHORTER CRESTS, AND LESS STRONGLY MARKED HEADS,BUT THE PLUMAGES ARE OTHERWISE QUITE SIMILAR.IT FEEDS PRIMARILY ON INSECTS AND OTHER SMALL INVERTEBRATES PREFER TO FEED AT NIGHT WHEN THERE IS MOONLIGHT.FOUND NEAR JHEELS,MARSHES,GRASSY AREAS NEAR WATER,FIELDS,RIVER BANKS.
15CMS.,NOTE DARK INVERTED T ON TAIL,FEMALE HAS DISTINCT WHITE THROAT AND WING PATCH.IN SUMMERS FOUND AT 2700 TO 4900 METRES AND IN WINTERS FOUND AT 1400 TO 4200 METRES. SEEN IN OPEN FORESTS AND SCRUB, OFTEN ALONG STREAMS.
18CMS.,IT IS A SMALL BROWN BIRD AND HAS A SHORT TAIL WITH WITH LIGHT BROWN OUTER FEATHERS.CREST USUALLY OBVIOUS,LONG AND POINTED AND IS USUALLY MORE PRONOUNCED DURING TERRITORIAL AND COURTSHIP DISPLAYS AND WHEN SINGING.IN FLIGHT IT SHOWS REDDISH UNDERWINGS .MAINLY SEEN IN LOWLANDS UPTO 2400 METRES,DRY OPEN COUNTRY,OFTEN SEEN BY THE ROADSIDES OR IN THE CEREAL FIELDS,OCCUPIES SMALL SANDY PATCHES BY RAILWAYS,DOCKS AND AIRFIELDS, SANDY DESERTS AND SEMI-DESERT,VICINITY OF CULTIVATION,DRY COASTAL MUDFLATS.SOLITARY OR SCATTERED INDIVIDUALS.FEED ON GRAINS AND SEEDS BUT ALSO EAT INSECTS PARTICULARLY BEATLES.
15CMS.,ENTIRELY BLACK ABOVE WHITE BELOW.FEMALE PLAIN BROWN ABOVE,SLIGHTLY MORE RUFOUS ON THE RUMP;WHITE THROAT AND BREAST MERGE WITH BUFFY BELLY AND VENT.RELATIVELY SHY.SEEN IN RIVERINE FLOODPLAINS,TALL GRASS,REEDS AND BUSHES.
61CMS.,IS A MEDIUM SIZED HORNBILL.THE UPPER PARTS ARE GREYISH BROWN AND THERE IS A SLIGHT TRACE OF A PALE SUPERCILIUM.THE EAR COVERTS ARE DARKER.THE FLIGHT FEATHERS OF THE WINGS ARE DARK BROWN AND WHITISH TIPPED.THE TAIL HAS A WHITE TIP AND A DARK SUBTERMINAL BAND.THEY HAVE A RED IRIS AND THE EYELIDS HAVE EYELASHES.THE CASQUE IS SHORT AND POINTED.THE MALE HAS A LARGER CASQUE ON A DARK BILL WHILE THE CULMEN AND THE LOWER MANDIBLE ARE YELLOWISH.THE BARE SKIN AROUND THE EYE IS DARK IN THE MALE WHILE IT IS SOMETIMES PALE REDDISH IN FEMALES.FEMALE HAS A MORE YELLOWISH BILL WITH THE BLACK ON THE BASAL HALF AND ON THE CASQUE.THEY HAVE GREY FEATHERS ALL OVER THE BODY WITH A LIGHT GREY OR DULL WHITE BELLY.THE HORN IS BLACK OR DARK GREY WITH A CASQUE EXTENDING UPTO THE POINT OF CURVATURE IN THE HORN.FOUND IN PAIRS OR SMALL GROUPS.FEED ON FRUITING TREES LIKE FICUS SPECIES,ALSO FEED ON MOLLUSCS,SCORPIONS,INSECTS,SMALL BIRDS AND REPTILES.THEY ARE ALMOST COMPLETELY ARBOREAL.
14 CMS.,DARK GREY CROWN WITH RED NAPE IN THE MALE,STRONG BLACK EYE-STRIPES AND THIN DARK MALAR STRIPE CONTRAST WITH BROAD WHITE SUPERCILIA AND CHEEKS;DARK ALMOST BLACK ABOVE;BARRED BLACK AND WHITE ABOVE;DISTINCT STREAKS BELOW;PLAIN CENTRAL TAIL;NO RED ORBITAL RING;IRIS DARK.FOUND IN OPEN FOREST AND GARDENS.
PLUM-HEADED PARAKEET IS A MAINLY GREEN PARROT 33 CMS. LONG WITH A TAIL UPTO 22 CMS.THE MALE HAS A RED HEAD WHICH SHADES TO PURPLE-BLUE ON THE BACK OF THE CROWN,NAPE AND CHEEKS, WHILE THE FEMALE HAS BLUISH-GREY HEAD.THERE IS A NARROW BLACK NECK COLLAR WITH VERDIGRIS BELOW ON THE NAPE AND A BLACK CHIN STRIPE THAT EXTENDS FROM THE LOWER MANDIBLE.THERE IS A RED SHOULDER PATCH AND THE RUMP AND TAIL ARE BLUISH-GREEN ,THE LATTER TIPPED WHITE.IT IS A BIRD OF FOREST AND OPEN WOODLAND.THEY FEED ON GRAINS AND FRUITS ,THE FLESHY PETALS OF FLOWERS AND SOMETIMES RAID AGRICULTURAL FIELDS AND ORCHARDS.
31 TO 35 CMS.,BLUE WHISTLING THRUSH IS DARK VIOLET BLUE WITH SHINY SPANGLING ON THE TIPS OF BODY FEATHERS OTHER THAN ON THE LORES,ABDOMEN AND UNDER THE TAIL.WING COVERTS ARE A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT SHADE OF BLUE AND MEDIAN COVERTS HAVE WHITE SPOTS AT THEIR TIPS.THE BILL IS YELLOW AND STANDS IN CONTRAST.THE INNER WEBS OF FLIGHT AND TAIL FEATHERS IS BLACK.FOUND IN TEMPERATE FORESTS AND SUBTROPICAL OR TROPICAL MOIST MONTANE FORESTS.THEY MAKE ALTITUDINAL MOVEMENTS IN HIMALAYAS,DESCENDING IN WINTERS.THEY HOP ON ROCKS AND MOVE ABOUT IN QUICK SPURTS.THEY TURN OVER LEAVES AND SMALL STONES COCKING THEIR HEADS AND CHECKING FOR MOVEMENTS OF PREY.WHEN ALARMED THEY SPREAD AND DROOP THEIR TAIL.THEY FEED ON FRUITS, EARTHWORMS,INSECTS,CRABS AND SNAILS.IN CAPTIVITY THEY CAN KILL MICE AND EAT IT.IN WILD THEY CAN PREY SMALL BIRDS.
ALSO CALLED AS SHORE LARK.BROWN-GREY ABOVE AND PALE BELOW, WITH A STRIKING BLACK AND YELLOW FACE PATTERN.EXCEPT FOR CENTRAL FEATHERS,THE TAIL IS MOSTLY BLACK.THE SUMMER MALE HAS BLACK HORNS.THIS IS A BIRD OF OPEN GROUND.FEEDS ON SEEDS AND INSECTS.
14CMS.,FAINT GREYISH WASH ON BREAST;EYE-RING;PALE LORES;LARGISH BILL WITH BASAL 1/2 OF LOWER MANDIBLE DISTINCTLY YELLOW/FLESHY,CONTRASTING WITH DUSKY TIP.ADULT HAS GREY-BROWN UPPER PARTS, WHICH BECOMES GREYER AS PLUMAGE AGES.IT HAS WHITISH UNDERPARTS WITH BROWN-TINGED FLANKS.YOUNG BIRDS HAVE SCALY BROWN UPPER PARTS ,HEAD AND BREAST. SEEN IN OPEN FOREST,GROVES,FOREST EDGE,PLANTATIONS.
25CMS.,SLATY-GREY BACK AND CROWN,FOUND IN ROCKY TORRENTS,LAKE MARGINS,SUB-TROPICALS OR TROPICAL MOIST LOWLAND FORESTS AND SUBTROCAL OR TROPICAL MOIST MONTANE FORESTS.
20CMS.,THE COMMONEST AND MOST WIDESPREAD BULBUL.EASILY IDENTIFIED BY SHORT CREST GIVING THE HEAD A SQUARISH APPEARANCE. BODY IS DARK BROWN WITH A SCALY PATTERN, WHILE THE HEAD IS DARKER OR BLACK.RUMP IS WHITE WHILE THE VENT IS RED.BLACK TAIL IS TIPPED IN WHITE.HIMALAYAN RACES HAVE A MORE PROMINENT CREST AND ARE MORE STREAKED ON THE UNDERSIDE.THIS IS A BIRD OF DRY SCRUB,OPEN FOREST,PLAINS AND CULTIVATED LANDS.FEED ON FRUITS,PETALS OF FLOWERS,NECTAR,INSECTS.
20CMS.,FOUND AT 1800 TO 3000 METRES IN SUMMERS,IN WINTERS FOUND AT 1000 TO 1800 METRES.FOUND IN SCRUB,BUSHES,UNDERGROWTH AND GARDENS.THEY ARE MEDIUM SIZED LANDBIRDS.THESE BIRDS HAVE STRONG LEGS AND ARE QUITE TERRESTRIAL.THIS GROUP IS NOT STRONGLY MIGRATORY AND MOST SPECIES HAVE SHORT ROUNDED WINGS AND A WEAK FLIGHT.
30 CMS.,SMALL,SOMEWHAT LONG TAILED PIGEON,BUFF BROWN WITH WHITE SPOTS ON BLACK HIND-NECK.THE TAILTIPS ARE WHITE AND THE WING COVERTS HAVE LIGHT BUFF SPOTS. FOUND IN LIGHT FORESTS,GARDENS AND URBAN AREAS.SOMETIMES ALSO CALLED AS MOUNTAIN DOVE,PEARL-NECKED DOVE OR LACE-NECKED DOVE.THE GROUND COLOUR OF THIS LONG AND SLIM DOVE IS ROSY BUFF BELOW SHADING GREY ON HEAD AND BELLY.THE BACK HAS BROWN FEATHERS WITH RUFOUS SPOTS IN THE INDIAN AND SUBSPECIES.WING FEATHERS ARE DARK BROWN WITH GREY EDGES.CENTRE OF THE ABDOMEN AND VENT ARE WHITE.OUTER TAIL FEATHERS ARE TIPPED IN WHITE AND BECOME VISIBLE WHEN THE BIRD TAKES OFF. FEED ON GRASS SEEDS,GRAINS,FALLEN FRUITS AND SEEDS OF OTHER PLANTS.THEY TAKE INSECTS OCCASIONALLY AND SOMETIMES FEED ON WINGED TERMITES.
21CMS.,ALSO CALLED GREY HEADED MYNA,IT IS RESIDENT OR PARTIALLY MIGRATORY SPECIES FOUND IN WOODED HABITATS IN INDIA THEY HAVE GREY UPPER PARTS AND BLACKISH REMIGES,BUT THE COLOUR OF REMAINING PLUMAGE DEPEND UPON SUBSPECIES.IN NOMINATE SUBSPECIES THE UNDERPARTS ARE RUFOUS.IT HAS LIGHT GREY HEAD WITH WHITISH STREAKING ESPECIALLY ON CROWN AND COLLAR REGION.THESE HAVE WHITE IRIDES AND YELLOW BILL WITH A PALE BLUE BASE. USUALLY FOUND IN OPEN WOODLAND AND CULTIVATION,YOUNG PLANTATIONS AND GARDENS.IT IS OMNIVOROUS.IT EATS FRUIT, NECTAR AND INSECTS.
20CMS.,FOREHEAD IS BROWN,BACK BARRED(VS SPOTTED IN YELLOW CROWNED WOODPECKER),BLACK MOUSTACHE(VS BROWN SIDES OF NECK IN YELLOW CROWNED WOODPECKER),MONTANE HABITAT,FOUND AT 1000 TO 3100 METRE,FOUND IN PINE,OAK,DEODHAR FORESTS.IT IS MEDIUM SIZED PIED WOODPECKER WITH YELLOW IN CROWN.WHITE BARRED (RATHER THAN SPOTTED)BLACK.UNDERPARTS ,PROMINENT BLACK MOUSTACHE EXTENDING TO BREAST AND BLACK STREAKED WHITE UNDERPARTS.VENT DEEP PINK.IN MALE FORECROWN BROWN,CENTRE YELLOW,REAR RED WITH BLACK REAR NECK. IN FEMALE WHOLE CROWN YELLOW.
16CMS.,BIRDS NORMALLY SHOW SOME STREAKING ON THE UPPER PARTS FOR MOST OF THE YEAR.FAINT TAIL- BARRING NOT NORMALLY VISIBLE IN THE FIELD.FOUND AT 900 TO 2300METRES,FOUND IN RANK GRASS,STEEP SCRUBBY HILLSIDE,GRASSY OPEN PINE FOREST,TERRACED FIELDS.
41CMS.,THE SLATY HEAD SEPARATES IT FROM ALL BUT GREY-HEADED PARAKEET,FROM LATTER BY DARKER SLATIER HEAD ,SHORTER,BROADER CENTRAL TAIL FEATHERS WITH DISTAL HALF RICH YELLOW.SEEN AT ALTITUDE OF 600 TO 2500 METRES,COMMONLY SEEN IN FORESTS,ORCHARDS AND CULTIVATION
12CMS.,THE DIAGNOSTIC WHITE PATCH ON THE CENTRE OF TAIL CAN BE DIFFICULT TO SEE IN THE FIELD(THE WHITE SPOTS ON THE TIPS OF OUTER TAIL FEATHERS ARE NOT DIAGNOSTIC AS THIS FEATURE IS ALSO SHOWN BY OTHER SPECIES),THE WHITE CHIN AND CHEEKS GRADUALLY BECOMING INCREASINGLY CINNAMON-BUFF ON THE REMAINING UNDER PARTS SEPARATE THIS FROM CHESTNUT BELLIED NUTHATCH AND WHITE-CHEEKED NUTHATCH.UNDERPARTS ARE PALER (RUFOUS VS CHESTNUT) AND RELATIVELY BROAD BLACK EYE-STRIPE USUALLY FLARES MORE MARKEDLY BEHIND THE EAR-COVERTS THAN ON KASHMIR NUTHATCH.IT HAS SMALL BILL.
66CMS.,SEXES ALIKE,HEAD, NECK AND BREAST BLACK, HAS GOLDEN-YELLOW BILL,SMALL WHITE NAPE-PATCH SURROUNDED BY BLACK,LOWER PLUMAGE WHITE,FAINTLY TINGED WITH LILAC,WHOLE UPPER PLUMAGE PURPLISH-BLUE,BRIGHTER ON THE WINGS AND TAIL.FLIGHT FEATHERS TIPPED WITH WHITE,TAIL LONG AND GRADUATED,THE FEATHERS BLUE ,BROADLY TIPPED WITH WHITE,ALL, EXCEPT THE VERY LONG CENTRAL PAIR HAVING A BAND OF BLACK IN FRONT OF THE WHITE..SEEN IN SUMMERS AT HEIGHT OF 1600-2700 METRES AND IN WINTERS AT >800 METRES.THESE ARE ESSENTIALLY ARBOREAL BIRDS,USUALLY SEEN IN HEAVY JUNGLES BUT VENTURE OUT INTO TREES AMONG CULTIVATION,OR ONTO BARE MOUNTAIN SIDES AT HIGH ELEVATIONS.THEY FREQUENTLY FEED ON THE GROUND WITH A HOPPING GAIT AND TAI IS KEPT HIGH OFF THE GROUND.THEY FEED ON SMALL MAMMALS,THE EGGS AND YOUNG OF OTHER BIRDS,INSECTS,WILD FRUITS AND BERRIES.
34CMS.,ONLY FRANCOLIN WITH DISTINCT RUFOUS NUCHAL PATCH,FOUND IN TALL GRASSLANDS NEAR RIVERS AND CULTIVATION,HEAD IS CURVED WITH BROWN IRIS EYES COLOUR,UNIQUE PATTERN OF BROWN COLOUR CROWN AND THROAT COLOUR IS BLACK.THE PRIMARY COLOUR IS BLACK WITH BLACK BREAST, RUFOUS BELLY,WHITE SPOTS ON FLANKS AND GOLDEN BROWN SPOTS AT THE BACK OF BODY,ROUNDED TAIL NARROW BLACK AND WHITE BARS.MALE BLACK FRANCOLIN IS BLACK WITH WHITE PATCH ON THE CHEEK,A CHESTNUT COLLAR,AND WHITE SPOTS ON FLANKS,LEGS ARE REDDISH BROWN TO RED.FEMALE IS MAINLY BROWN,BUT HAS A CHESTNUT HINDNECK.FEMALE HAS UPPER PLUMAGE ,WINGS AND TAIL AS IN MALE BUT BLACK IS REPLACED BY MOTTLED BROWN AND BROWN BARS ON THE LOWER BACK AND TAIL ARE WIDER.FEMALE HAS NO CHEEK PATCH.FEEDS ON SEEDS AND INSECTS.
ALSO CALLED YELLOW-THROATED SPARROW,14CMS,COMBINATION OF WHITE MEDIAN COVERTS AND CHESTNUT LESSER COVERTS,RELATIVELY LONG FINE BILL,UNSTREAKED BROWNISH GREY HEAD AND UPPER PARTS,YELLOW ON THROAT,SEEN IN OPEN DRY DECIDUOUS AND THORN FORESTS,HEDGES NEAR VILLEGES AND CULTIVATION,GARDENS,TREE LOVING BUT SOMETIMES SEEN ON WIRES AND ON GROUND,FEED ON GRAINS, INSECTS,NECTAR AND BERRIES
LARGEST OF ITS GROUP 120CMS,OVERALL VERY PALE SANDY/CREAMY COLOURED,WHITE ON UNDERWING COVERTS,WITH CONTRASTING DARK FLIGHT FEATHERS AND TAIL, RUFF FEATHERS ARE LONG AND SPIKY,HEAD IS COVERED IN DOWN WHICH IS YELLOWISH IN ADULTS,LEGS ARE COVERED WITH BUFFY FEATHERS,FEET ARE GREENISH-GREY TO WHITE,FOUND IN MOUNTAINS OF HIMALAYAS ,SOMETIMES STRAYING TO ADJACENT PLAINS.USUALLY FOUND AT ELEVATION OF AROUND 4000 FEET,USUALLY BASK IN THE SUN ON ROCKS OR SOAR IN THERMALS,FEED ON DEAD OR DECAYING FLESH,
THIS KINGFISHER IS ABOUT 17 CMS. LONG AND IS WHITE WITH A BLACK MASK,A WHITE SUPERCILIUM AND BLACK BREAST BANDS.THE CREST IS NEAT AND UPPERPARTS ARE BARRED IN BLACK.MALES HAVE A NARROW SECOND BREAST BAND WHILE FEMALES HAVE A SINGLE BROKEN BREAST BAND.WHEN PERCHED ,THEY OFTEN BOB THEIR HEAD AND FLICK UP THEIR TAIL.THEY FEED ON FISH,CRUSTACEANS,LARGE AQUATIC INSECTS SUCH AS DRAGONFLY LARVAE.IT USUALLY HUNTS BY HOVERING OVER THE WATER TO DETECT PREY AND DIVING VERTICALLY DOWN BILL-FIRST TO CAPTURE FISH.THEY CAN DEAL WITH PREY WITHOUT RETURNING TO PERCH ,OFTEN SWALLOWING SMALL PREY IN FLIGHT AND SO CAN HUNT OVER LARGE WATER BODIES AND ESTUARIES THAT LACK PERCHES THAT ARE REQUIRED BY OTHER KINGFISHERS.
13CMS.,A COMMON AND FAMILIAR GARDEN BIRD.WHEN SINGING,SHOWS A BLACK PATCH AT THE SIDE OF THE THROAT WHICH COULD LEAD TO IT BEING MISTAKEN FOR DARK-NECKED TAILORBIRD BUT HAS A BUFFY-WHITE (VS YELLOW) VENT.IT IS A BRIGHTLY COLOURED BIRD ,WITH BRIGHT GREEN UPPERPARTS AND WHITISH UNDERPARTS.THEY HAVE SHORT ROUNDED WINGS,A LONG TAIL,STRONG LEGS AND A SHARP BILL WITH CURVED TIP TO THE UPPER MANDIBLE.THEY ARE WREN LIKE WITH A LONG UPRIGHT TAIL THAT IS OFTEN MOVED AROUND.THE CROWN IS RUFOUS AND THE UPPERPARTS ARE PREDOMINANTLY OLIVE GREEN.THE UNDERSIDE IS CREAMY WHITE.THE SEXES ARE IDENTICAL,EXCEPT THAT THE MALE HAS LONG CENTRAL TAIL FEATHERS IN THE BREEDING SEASON.FOUND IN PARKS,GARDENS,SCRUB,HEDGEROWS,UNDERGROWTH AT EDGE OF WOODED AREAS.THEY FORAGE FOR INSECTS AND HAVE BEEN KNOWN TO FEED ON A RANGE OF BEETLES AND BUGS.
63CMS.,DISTINCTLY SMALLER THAN GREAT CORMORANT.HARD TO SEPARATE FROM LITTLE CORMORANT ON SIZE UNLESS SEEN TOGETHER BUT NOTE THE LONG SLENDER BILL(AND SHALLOW FOREHEAD).BREEDING BIRD IS DISTINGUISHED BY WHITE TUFT BEHIND EAR COVERTS,PURPLISH BLACK GULAR SKIN,GREENISH-BRONZE SHEEN TO UPPERPARTS,AND EMERALD-GREEN EYES.NONBREEDING HAS YELLOW GULAR SKIN NOT USUALLY EXTENDING TO EYE.FOUND NEAR LAKES,RIVERS,JHEELS,CREEKS ETC.INDIAN CORMORANT MAKES SHORT DIVES TO CAPTURE FISH AND A GROUP WILL OFTEN FISH COMMUNALLY,FORMING A BROAD FRONT TO DRIVE FISH IN TO A CORNER.
13 TO 14 CMS. FROM BILL TO TAIL.IT HAS A ROUNDED HEAD WITH A NARROW PALE-GREY STRIPE ARCHING OVER CONSPICUOUS BLACK EYES AND SHORT ROUNDED WINGS.THEY ARE RICH CHESTNUT OR DARK REDDISH-BROWN COLOUR ON THE UPPER PARTS.THEY ARE PALE-GREY ON THE THROAT AND STOMACH WITH LONGER AND BROADER TAIL THAN MANY OTHER WARBLERS.BOTH SEXES LOOK ALIKE.CETTI’S WARBLER USUALLY INHABITS DAMP AREAS INCLUDING PONDS,LAKES,MARSHES AND RIVERS.IT IS INSECTIVOROUS.THEY PREY ON ARTHROPODS,SUCH AS SMALL SOFT BODIED INSECTS AND LARVAE.THEY PREFER TINY INSECTS BECAUSE THEY CAN DIGEST THEM FASTER.
21CMS.,MOST FAMILIAR OWL,HAS WHITE SPOTTING ON THE HEAD,FOUND NEAR VILLAGES,CULTIVATION,LIGHT FOREST,SEMI DESERT,IT HAS ALSO ADAPTED TO LIVE IN CITIES,IT NESTS IN A HOLE IN A TREE OR A BUILDING,ITS UPPER PARTS ARE GREY BROWN,HEAVILY SPOTTED WITH WHITE,UNDERPARTS ARE WHITE STREAKED WITH BROWN,FACIAL DISC IS PALE AND IRIS IS YELLOW.THERE IS A WHITE NECKBAND AND SUPERCILIUM.IT HUNTS A VARIETY OF INSECTS AND SMALL VERTEBRATES,MAY TAKE RODENTS,BATS,TOADS, SMALL SNAKES,MAY ALSO TAKE SCORPIONS AND MOLLUSCS.
29 CMS.,WHITE SPOTTING ON BLACK THROAT,WHITE SPOTS ON SHOULDERS,AND WHITE BARRING ON FOLDED BLACK PRIMARIES SEPARATE THIS SPECIES FROM THE OTHER FLAMEBACKS.THE BLACK RUMP DISTINGUISHES FROM ALL BUT WHITE-NAPED WOODPECKER BUT IS OFTEN DIFFICULT TO SEE ON A PERCHED INDIVIDUAL.HAS FOUR TOES.ON FEMALE FORECROWN IS BLACK STREAKED WITH WHITE,HIND CROWN IS RED.THE COMMONEST FLAMEBACK IN MOST OF THE SUBCONTINENT.SEEN IN ALL TYPES OF WOODLANDS BUT AVOIDING DENSER FOREST.
15 CMS.,MALES WITH GREY CROWN,NAPE,BACK AND MANTLE,BLACK THROAT AND MASK,ORANGE BREAST AND RUMP.FEMALE WITH ORANGE RUMP.IT HAS A STRONG DARK BEAK AND LONG WINGS.FOUND IN MAINLY LOWLANDS,OPEN FOREST,SEMI DESERT,THORN FOREST,SCRUB,GROVES,GARDENS.MINIVET CATCHES INSECTS IN TREES BY FLYCATCHING OR WHILE PERCHED.
33CMS.A FAIRLY DISTINCTIVE SMALL RAPTOR WITH POINTED WINGS. COULD BE MISTAKEN FOR A HARRIER ,BUT NOTE THE BLACK SHOULDER.COMMONLY HOVERS WHEN SEARCHING FOR PREY ,A HABIT NOT USUALLY SHARED BY THE HARRIERS WHICH ARE MUCH LARGER,SLIMMER AND LONGER-WINGED.GENERALLY SEEN IN DRIER OPEN COUNTRY OF THE LOWLANDS,IN URBAN AREAS FOUND ON THE EDGE OF THE TOWNS OR WASTE LANDS,PREFER OPEN AREAS WITH SCATTERED CLUMPS OF TREES,INCLUDING TREE LINED WATERCOURSES.ADULTS ARE A VERY PALE GREY WITH A WHITE HEAD AND WHITE UNDERPARTS.THE LEADING EDGE OF THE INNER WING IS BLACK.WHEN PERCHED, THIS GIVES THEM THEIR PROMINENT BLACK ‘SHOULDERS’.THEY HAVE RED EYES, WITH BLACK COMMA THAT EXTENDS BEHIND THE EYES.THEY HAVE A SQUARED TAIL AND A STREAMLINED AERODYNAMIC BODY. BILL IS SHORT WITH A SHARP HOOKED TIP TO THE UPPER MANDIBLE.BILL IS BLACK AND NOSTRILS , SKIN AT BASE OF BILL ARE BRIGHT YELLOW.LIVE ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY ON MICE,ON AVAILABILITY THEY CAN TAKE GRASSHOPPERS, RATS,SMALL REPTILES,BIRDS AND EVEN VERY RARELY RABBITS.
GREAT TIT IS A LARGE FOR A TIT AT 12.5 TO 14 CMS.IN LENGTH,AND HAS A DISTINCTIVE APPEARANCE THAT MAKES IT EASY TO RECOGNISE.IT HAS A BLUISH- BLACK CROWN,BLACK NECK ,THROAT,BIB AND HEAD AND WHITE CHEEKS AND EAR COVERTS.THE BREAST IS BRIGHT LEMON-YELLOW AND THERE IS A BROAD BLACK MIDLINE STRIPE RUNNING FROM BIB TO VENT.THERE IS A DULL WHITE SPOT ON THE NECK TURNING TO GREENISH YELLOW ON THE UPPER NAPE.THE REST OF THE NAPE AND BACK ARE GREEN TINGED WITH OLIVE.THE WING COVERTS ARE GREEN,THE REST OF THE WING IS BLUISH- GREY WITH WHITE WING-BAR.THE TAIL IS BLUISH-GREY WITH WHITE OUTER TIPS.COMMONLY FOUND IN OPEN DECIDUOUS WOODLAND,MIXED FORESTS AND FOREST EDGES.IN DENSE FORESTS LIKE CONIFER FORESTS IT IS FOUND USUALLY FOUND IN FOREST CLEARINGS.FEEDS ON INSECTS AND SPIDERS,GRASSHOPPERS,CRICKETS,COCKROACHES,ANTS,FLIES.IN AUTUMN AND WINTERS GREAT TITS ADD BERRIES AND SEEDS TO THEIR DIET.
THIS KINGFISHER IS ABOUT 17 CMS. LONG AND IS WHITE WITH A BLACK MASK,A WHITE SUPERCILIUM AND BLACK BREAST BANDS.THE CREST IS NEAT AND UPPERPARTS ARE BARRED IN BLACK.MALES HAVE A NARROW SECOND BREAST BAND WHILE FEMALES HAVE A SINGLE BROKEN BREAST BAND.WHEN PERCHED ,THEY OFTEN BOB THEIR HEAD AND FLICK UP THEIR TAIL.THEY FEED ON FISH,CRUSTACEANS,LARGE AQUATIC INSECTS SUCH AS DRAGONFLY LARVAE.IT USUALLY HUNTS BY HOVERING OVER THE WATER TO DETECT PREY AND DIVING VERTICALLY DOWN BILL-FIRST TO CAPTURE FISH.THEY CAN DEAL WITH PREY WITHOUT RETURNING TO PERCH ,OFTEN SWALLOWING SMALL PREY IN FLIGHT AND SO CAN HUNT OVER LARGE WATER BODIES AND ESTUARIES THAT LACK PERCHES THAT ARE REQUIRED BY OTHER KINGFISHERS.
THE BIRD IS SMALL 8 TO 9 CMS. LONG WITH YELLOWISH -OLIVE UPPERPARTS,A WHITE EYE-RING,YELLOW THROAT AND VENT.THE BELLY IS WHITISH GREY BUT MAY HAVE YELLOW IN SOME SUBSPECIES.THE SEXES LOOK SIMILAR.THE SPECIES IS FOUND IN A WIDE RANGE OF HABITATS FROM SCRUB TO MOIST FORESTS.THOUGH MAINLY INSECTIVOROUS ,THE ORIENTAL WHITE EYE WILL ALSO EAT NECTAR AND FRUITS OF VARIOUS KINDS .THEY HAVE BEEN OBSERVED BATHING IN DEW ACCUMMULATED ON LEAVES.THEIR PREDATORS INCLUDE BATS AND BIRDS SUCH AS THE WHITE THROATED KINGFISHER.
IT IS A FAIRLY LARGE DUCK. MALE IS 59 TO 76 CMS., FEMALE IS 51 TO 64 CMS., BREEDING PLUMAGED MALE HAS A CHOCOLATE BROWN HEAD AND WHITE BREAST WITH A WHITE STRIPE EXTENDING UP THE SIDE OF THE NECK.ITS UPPERPARTS AND SIDES ARE GREY, BUT ELONGATED GREY FEATHERS WITH BLACK CENTRAL STRIPES ARE DRAPED ACROSS THE BACK FROM THE SHOULDER AREA.VENT AREA IS YELLOW CONTRASTING WITH BLACK UNDERSIDE OF THE TAIL, WHICH HAS THE CENTRAL FEATHERS ELONGATED TO AS MUCH AS 10 CMS.BILL IS BLUISH AND LEGS ARE BLUE-GREY.ADULT FEMALE IS MAINLY SCALLOPED AND MOTTLED IN LIGHT BROWN WITH A MORE UNIFORMLY GREY BROWN HEAD, ITS POINTED TAIL IS SHORTER THAN MALE’S.IT HAS LONG NECK AND LONG GREY BILL. PINTAIL WALKS WELL ON LAND, AND SWIMS WELL.IT HAS A VERY FAST FLIGHT, WITH ITS WINGS SLIGHTLY SWEPT BACK.IT FEEDS BY DABBLING AND UPENDING IN SHALLOW WATER FOR PLANT FOOD MAINLY IN THE EVENING OR AT NIGHT.ITS LONG NECK ENABLES IT TO TAKE FOOD ITEMS FROM THE BOTTOM OF WATER BODIES UPTO 30 CMS. DEEP.IT ALSO FEEDS ON ROOTS , GRAINS AND OTHER SEEDS IN THE FIELDS.
75 CMS.,DIAGNOSTIC BARRING ON HEAD.HIGHLY GREGARIOUS.IN SUMMERS FOUND AT HIGH ALTITUDE MARSHY AREAS BY LAKES IN LADAKH.IN WINTERS FOUND NEAR LARGE LAKES,RIVERS,JHEELS AND FARMLAND.THE BIRD IS PALE-GREY WITH BLACK BARS ON ITS HEAD.IT IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S HIGHEST FLYING BIRD.THESE HAVE BEEN HEARD FLYING OVER MOUNT MAKALU(27825 FT.) AND MOUNT EVEREST(29029 FT.)BAR HEADED GOOSE IS OFTEN KEPT IN CAPTIVITY AS IT IS CONSIDERED BEAUTIFUL AND BREEDS EASILY.FEEDS ON BARLEY,RICE AND WHEAT AND MAY DAMAGE CROPS.
64 CMS.,ALSO CALLED WHITE SCAVENGER VULTURE OR PHARAOH’S CHICKEN .QUITE DISTINCTIVE LOOKING-RATHER HANDSOME IN FLIGHT BUT SOMEWHAT SCRUFFY WHEN SEEN PERCHED.ADULT’S PLUMAGE IS WHITE,WITH BLACK FLIGHT FEATHERS IN THE WINGS.WILD BIRDS USUALLY APPEAR SOILED WITH A RUSTY OR BROWN SHADE TO THE WHITE PLUMAGE,DERIVED FROM MUD OR IRON RICH SOIL.THE BILL IS SLENDER AND LONG , AND THE TIP OF UPPER MANDIBLE IS HOOKED.THE NOSTRIL IS THE ELONGATED HORIZONTAL SLIT.THE NECK FEATHERS ARE LONG AND FORM A HACKLE.THE WINGS ARE POINTED,WITH THIRD PRIMARY BEING THE LONGEST;THE TAIL IS WEDGE SHAPED.THE LEGS ARE PINK IN ADULTS.THE CLAWS ARE LONG AND STRAIGHT.THE BILL IS PALE OR YELLOWISH IN ADULTS.THE FACIAL SKIN IS YELLOW AND UNFEATHERED DOWN TO THE THROAT.YOUNG BIRDS ARE BLACKISH OR CHOCOLATE BROWN WITH BLACK AND WHITE PATCHES.THEY FEED ON A RANGE OF FOOD ,INCLUDING MAMMAL FAECES INCLUDING HUMAN FAECES ,INSECTS IN THE DUNG,CARRION, VEGETABLE MATTER AND SOMETIMES SMALL ANIMALS.
78 CMS.,ADULT IS OVERALL DARK TO MIDBROWN BELOW WITH MANY BIRDS SHOWING BOLD DARK BARRING ON THE TAIL AND SLIGHTLY PALER FLIGHT FEATHERS ALONG WITH A BROAD DARK TRAILING EDGE TO BOTH,FEATHERS WHICH ALSO SEPARATE THIS FROM GREATER SPOTTED AND LESSER SPOTTED EAGLES.UPPERPARTS DARK BROWN,OFTEN WITH PALER COVERTS;SOMETIMES A SMALL RUSTY-YELLOW PATCH ON NAPE;SMALL WHITISH PATCH ON RUMP AND DARK TERMINAL BAND ON TAIL.STEPPE EAGLES FEED MAINLY ON FRESH CARRIONS OF ALL KINDS,BUT IT WILL KILL RODENTS AND OTHER SMALL MAMMALS UPTO THE SIZE OF HARE AND BIRDS UPTO THE SIZE OF PATRIDGES.IT WILL ALSO STEAL FOOD FROM OTHER RAPTORS.LIKE OTHER SPECIES THE STEPPE EAGLE HAS A CROP IN ITS THROAT ALLOWING IT TO STORE FOOD FOR SEVERAL HOURS BEFORE BEING MOVED TO STOMACH.
15CMS.,NOTE DARK INVERTED T ON TAIL,FEMALE HAS DISTINCT WHITE THROAT AND WING PATCH.IN SUMMERS FOUND AT 2700 TO 4900 METRES AND IN WINTERS FOUND AT 1400 TO 4200 METRES. SEEN IN OPEN FORESTS AND SCRUB, OFTEN ALONG STREAMS.
18CMS.,IT IS A SMALL BROWN BIRD AND HAS A SHORT TAIL WITH WITH LIGHT BROWN OUTER FEATHERS.CREST USUALLY OBVIOUS,LONG AND POINTED AND IS USUALLY MORE PRONOUNCED DURING TERRITORIAL AND COURTSHIP DISPLAYS AND WHEN SINGING.IN FLIGHT IT SHOWS REDDISH UNDERWINGS .MAINLY SEEN IN LOWLANDS UPTO 2400 METRES,DRY OPEN COUNTRY,OFTEN SEEN BY THE ROADSIDES OR IN THE CEREAL FIELDS,OCCUPIES SMALL SANDY PATCHES BY RAILWAYS,DOCKS AND AIRFIELDS, SANDY DESERTS AND SEMI-DESERT,VICINITY OF CULTIVATION,DRY COASTAL MUDFLATS.SOLITARY OR SCATTERED INDIVIDUALS.FEED ON GRAINS AND SEEDS BUT ALSO EAT INSECTS PARTICULARLY BEATLES.
31 CMS.,ALSO KNOWN AS PEEWIT OR PEWIT ,GREEN PLOVER.IT HAS ROUNDED WINGS AND A CREST.IT IS THE SHORTEST- LEGGED OF THE LAPWINGS.IT IS MAINLY BLACK AND WHITE,BUT THE BACK IS TINTED GREEN.THE MALE HAS A LONG CREST AND A BLACK CROWN,THROAT AND BREAST CONTRASTING WITH AN OTHERWISE WHITE FACE.FEMALES AND YOUNG BIRDS HAVE SHORTER CRESTS, AND LESS STRONGLY MARKED HEADS,BUT THE PLUMAGES ARE OTHERWISE QUITE SIMILAR.IT FEEDS PRIMARILY ON INSECTS AND OTHER SMALL INVERTEBRATES PREFER TO FEED AT NIGHT WHEN THERE IS MOONLIGHT.FOUND NEAR JHEELS,MARSHES,GRASSY AREAS NEAR WATER,FIELDS,RIVER BANKS.
15CMS.,ENTIRELY BLACK ABOVE WHITE BELOW.FEMALE PLAIN BROWN ABOVE,SLIGHTLY MORE RUFOUS ON THE RUMP;WHITE THROAT AND BREAST MERGE WITH BUFFY BELLY AND VENT.RELATIVELY SHY.SEEN IN RIVERINE FLOODPLAINS,TALL GRASS,REEDS AND BUSHES.
31 TO 35 CMS.,BLUE WHISTLING THRUSH IS DARK VIOLET BLUE WITH SHINY SPANGLING ON THE TIPS OF BODY FEATHERS OTHER THAN ON THE LORES,ABDOMEN AND UNDER THE TAIL.WING COVERTS ARE A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT SHADE OF BLUE AND MEDIAN COVERTS HAVE WHITE SPOTS AT THEIR TIPS.THE BILL IS YELLOW AND STANDS IN CONTRAST.THE INNER WEBS OF FLIGHT AND TAIL FEATHERS IS BLACK.FOUND IN TEMPERATE FORESTS AND SUBTROPICAL OR TROPICAL MOIST MONTANE FORESTS.THEY MAKE ALTITUDINAL MOVEMENTS IN HIMALAYAS,DESCENDING IN WINTERS.THEY HOP ON ROCKS AND MOVE ABOUT IN QUICK SPURTS.THEY TURN OVER LEAVES AND SMALL STONES COCKING THEIR HEADS AND CHECKING FOR MOVEMENTS OF PREY.WHEN ALARMED THEY SPREAD AND DROOP THEIR TAIL.THEY FEED ON FRUITS, EARTHWORMS,INSECTS,CRABS AND SNAILS.IN CAPTIVITY THEY CAN KILL MICE AND EAT IT.IN WILD THEY CAN PREY SMALL BIRDS.
ALSO CALLED AS SHORE LARK.BROWN-GREY ABOVE AND PALE BELOW, WITH A STRIKING BLACK AND YELLOW FACE PATTERN.EXCEPT FOR CENTRAL FEATHERS,THE TAIL IS MOSTLY BLACK.THE SUMMER MALE HAS BLACK HORNS.THIS IS A BIRD OF OPEN GROUND.FEEDS ON SEEDS AND INSECTS.
25CMS.,SLATY-GREY BACK AND CROWN,FOUND IN ROCKY TORRENTS,LAKE MARGINS,SUB-TROPICALS OR TROPICAL MOIST LOWLAND FORESTS AND SUBTROCAL OR TROPICAL MOIST MONTANE FORESTS.
20 CMS.,IT HAS BROWN UPPER PARTS AND WHITISH UNDERPARTS WITH BUFF FLANKS AND A DARK SPUR RUNNING ONTO THE BREAST AT SHOULDER LEVEL.IT HAS A TALL POINTED BLACK CREST,RED FACE PATCH AND THIN BLACK MOUSTACHIAL LINE.THE TAIL IS LONG AND BROWN WITH WHITE TERMINAL FEATHER TIPS,BUT THE VENT AREA IS RED.THIS IS A BIRD OF LIGHTLY WOODED AREAS,MORE OPEN COUNTRY WITH BUSHES AND SHRUBS AND FARMLAND.THEY FEED ON FRUITS,NECTAR AND INSECTS.
28 CMS.,LARGE KINGFISHER, THE ADULT HAS A BRIGHT BLUE BACK,WINGS AND TAIL.ITS HEAD,SHOULDERS,FLANKS AND LOWER BELLY ARE CHESTNUT, AND THE THROAT AND BREAST ARE WHITE.THE LARGE BILL AND THE LEGS ARE BRIGHT RED.THE FLIGHT OF THE WHITE-THROATED KINGFISHER IS RAPID AND DIRECT,THE SHORT ROUNDED WINGS WHIRRING.IN FLIGHT LARGE WHITE PATCHES ARE VISIBLE ON THE BLUE AND BLACK WINGS.SEXES ARE SIMILAR.WHITE-THROATED KINGFISHER IS A COMMON SPECIES OF A VARIETY OF HABITATS,MOSTLY OPEN COUNTRY IN THE PLAINS
63CMS.,DISTINCTLY SMALLER THAN GREAT CORMORANT.HARD TO SEPARATE FROM LITTLE CORMORANT ON SIZE UNLESS SEEN TOGETHER BUT NOTE THE LONG SLENDER BILL(AND SHALLOW FOREHEAD).BREEDING BIRD IS DISTINGUISHED BY WHITE TUFT BEHIND EAR COVERTS,PURPLISH BLACK GULAR SKIN,GREENISH-BRONZE SHEEN TO UPPERPARTS,AND EMERALD-GREEN EYES.NONBREEDING HAS YELLOW GULAR SKIN NOT USUALLY EXTENDING TO EYE.FOUND NEAR LAKES,RIVERS,JHEELS,CREEKS ETC.INDIAN CORMORANT MAKES SHORT DIVES TO CAPTURE FISH AND A GROUP WILL OFTEN FISH COMMUNALLY,FORMING A BROAD FRONT TO DRIVE FISH IN TO A CORNER.
13CMS.,A COMMON AND FAMILIAR GARDEN BIRD.WHEN SINGING,SHOWS A BLACK PATCH AT THE SIDE OF THE THROAT WHICH COULD LEAD TO IT BEING MISTAKEN FOR DARK-NECKED TAILORBIRD BUT HAS A BUFFY-WHITE (VS YELLOW) VENT.IT IS A BRIGHTLY COLOURED BIRD ,WITH BRIGHT GREEN UPPERPARTS AND WHITISH UNDERPARTS.THEY HAVE SHORT ROUNDED WINGS,A LONG TAIL,STRONG LEGS AND A SHARP BILL WITH CURVED TIP TO THE UPPER MANDIBLE.THEY ARE WREN LIKE WITH A LONG UPRIGHT TAIL THAT IS OFTEN MOVED AROUND.THE CROWN IS RUFOUS AND THE UPPERPARTS ARE PREDOMINANTLY OLIVE GREEN.THE UNDERSIDE IS CREAMY WHITE.THE SEXES ARE IDENTICAL,EXCEPT THAT THE MALE HAS LONG CENTRAL TAIL FEATHERS IN THE BREEDING SEASON.FOUND IN PARKS,GARDENS,SCRUB,HEDGEROWS,UNDERGROWTH AT EDGE OF WOODED AREAS.THEY FORAGE FOR INSECTS AND HAVE BEEN KNOWN TO FEED ON A RANGE OF BEETLES AND BUGS.
THIS KINGFISHER IS ABOUT 17 CMS. LONG AND IS WHITE WITH A BLACK MASK,A WHITE SUPERCILIUM AND BLACK BREAST BANDS.THE CREST IS NEAT AND UPPERPARTS ARE BARRED IN BLACK.MALES HAVE A NARROW SECOND BREAST BAND WHILE FEMALES HAVE A SINGLE BROKEN BREAST BAND.WHEN PERCHED ,THEY OFTEN BOB THEIR HEAD AND FLICK UP THEIR TAIL.THEY FEED ON FISH,CRUSTACEANS,LARGE AQUATIC INSECTS SUCH AS DRAGONFLY LARVAE.IT USUALLY HUNTS BY HOVERING OVER THE WATER TO DETECT PREY AND DIVING VERTICALLY DOWN BILL-FIRST TO CAPTURE FISH.THEY CAN DEAL WITH PREY WITHOUT RETURNING TO PERCH ,OFTEN SWALLOWING SMALL PREY IN FLIGHT AND SO CAN HUNT OVER LARGE WATER BODIES AND ESTUARIES THAT LACK PERCHES THAT ARE REQUIRED BY OTHER KINGFISHERS.
75 CMS.,DIAGNOSTIC BARRING ON HEAD.HIGHLY GREGARIOUS.IN SUMMERS FOUND AT HIGH ALTITUDE MARSHY AREAS BY LAKES IN LADAKH.IN WINTERS FOUND NEAR LARGE LAKES,RIVERS,JHEELS AND FARMLAND.THE BIRD IS PALE-GREY WITH BLACK BARS ON ITS HEAD.IT IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S HIGHEST FLYING BIRD.THESE HAVE BEEN HEARD FLYING OVER MOUNT MAKALU(27825 FT.) AND MOUNT EVEREST(29029 FT.)BAR HEADED GOOSE IS OFTEN KEPT IN CAPTIVITY AS IT IS CONSIDERED BEAUTIFUL AND BREEDS EASILY.FEEDS ON BARLEY,RICE AND WHEAT AND MAY DAMAGE CROPS.
41CMS.,THE SLATY HEAD SEPARATES IT FROM ALL BUT GREY-HEADED PARAKEET,FROM LATTER BY DARKER SLATIER HEAD ,SHORTER,BROADER CENTRAL TAIL FEATHERS WITH DISTAL HALF RICH YELLOW.SEEN AT ALTITUDE OF 600 TO 2500 METRES,COMMONLY SEEN IN FORESTS,ORCHARDS AND CULTIVATION
13CMS.,BLACK WITH WHITE WING-PATCH,RUMP AND VENT,OFTEN SEEN IN FIELDS AND GRASSLAND WITH BUSHES,SCRUB,TEA GARDENS.THEY PICK UP INSECTS MAINLY FROM THE GROUND.THEY NEST IN CAVITIES IN THE STONE WALLS OR IN HOLES IN AN EMBANKMENT.MALES ARE BLACK WITH WHITE SHOULDER AND VENT PATCHES, BILL AND LEGS ARE BLACK.FEMALES ARE PREDOMINANTLY BROWNISH.THEY ARE INSECTIVOROUS.
25 CMS.LACKS BLACK BEHIND EYE, FOUND IN OPEN WOODED COUNTRY,PLANTATIONS,OPEN BROADLEAF FORESTS,ORCHARDS,LARGE GARDENS, GROVES,IT IS A VAGRANT BIRD, MALE IS STRIKING IN TYPICAL ORIOLE BLACK AND YELLOW PLUMAGE ,FEMALE IS A DRABBER GREEN BIRD.ORIOLES ARE SHY BIRDS SO DIFFICULT TO SEE IN DAPPLED YELLOW AND GREEN LEAVES OF CANOPY. THEY FEED ON INSECTS AND FRUITS.MAINLY FOUND IN NORTH WESTERN INDIA.
LARGEST OF ITS GROUP 120CMS,OVERALL VERY PALE SANDY/CREAMY COLOURED,WHITE ON UNDERWING COVERTS,WITH CONTRASTING DARK FLIGHT FEATHERS AND TAIL, RUFF FEATHERS ARE LONG AND SPIKY,HEAD IS COVERED IN DOWN WHICH IS YELLOWISH IN ADULTS,LEGS ARE COVERED WITH BUFFY FEATHERS,FEET ARE GREENISH-GREY TO WHITE,FOUND IN MOUNTAINS OF HIMALAYAS ,SOMETIMES STRAYING TO ADJACENT PLAINS.USUALLY FOUND AT ELEVATION OF AROUND 4000 FEET,USUALLY BASK IN THE SUN ON ROCKS OR SOAR IN THERMALS,FEED ON DEAD OR DECAYING FLESH,
ALSO CALLED YELLOW-THROATED SPARROW,14CMS,COMBINATION OF WHITE MEDIAN COVERTS AND CHESTNUT LESSER COVERTS,RELATIVELY LONG FINE BILL,UNSTREAKED BROWNISH GREY HEAD AND UPPER PARTS,YELLOW ON THROAT,SEEN IN OPEN DRY DECIDUOUS AND THORN FORESTS,HEDGES NEAR VILLEGES AND CULTIVATION,GARDENS,TREE LOVING BUT SOMETIMES SEEN ON WIRES AND ON GROUND,FEED ON GRAINS, INSECTS,NECTAR AND BERRIES
ALSO CALLED YELLOW-THROATED SPARROW,14CMS,COMBINATION OF WHITE MEDIAN COVERTS AND CHESTNUT LESSER COVERTS,RELATIVELY LONG FINE BILL,UNSTREAKED BROWNISH GREY HEAD AND UPPER PARTS,YELLOW ON THROAT,SEEN IN OPEN DRY DECIDUOUS AND THORN FORESTS,HEDGES NEAR VILLEGES AND CULTIVATION,GARDENS,TREE LOVING BUT SOMETIMES SEEN ON WIRES AND ON GROUND,FEED ON GRAINS, INSECTS,NECTAR AND BERRIES
34CMS.,ONLY FRANCOLIN WITH DISTINCT RUFOUS NUCHAL PATCH,FOUND IN TALL GRASSLANDS NEAR RIVERS AND CULTIVATION,HEAD IS CURVED WITH BROWN IRIS EYES COLOUR,UNIQUE PATTERN OF BROWN COLOUR CROWN AND THROAT COLOUR IS BLACK.THE PRIMARY COLOUR IS BLACK WITH BLACK BREAST, RUFOUS BELLY,WHITE SPOTS ON FLANKS AND GOLDEN BROWN SPOTS AT THE BACK OF BODY,ROUNDED TAIL NARROW BLACK AND WHITE BARS.MALE BLACK FRANCOLIN IS BLACK WITH WHITE PATCH ON THE CHEEK,A CHESTNUT COLLAR,AND WHITE SPOTS ON FLANKS,LEGS ARE REDDISH BROWN TO RED.FEMALE IS MAINLY BROWN,BUT HAS A CHESTNUT HINDNECK.FEMALE HAS UPPER PLUMAGE ,WINGS AND TAIL AS IN MALE BUT BLACK IS REPLACED BY MOTTLED BROWN AND BROWN BARS ON THE LOWER BACK AND TAIL ARE WIDER.FEMALE HAS NO CHEEK PATCH.FEEDS ON SEEDS AND INSECTS.
34CMS.,ONLY FRANCOLIN WITH DISTINCT RUFOUS NUCHAL PATCH,FOUND IN TALL GRASSLANDS NEAR RIVERS AND CULTIVATION,HEAD IS CURVED WITH BROWN IRIS EYES COLOUR,UNIQUE PATTERN OF BROWN COLOUR CROWN AND THROAT COLOUR IS BLACK.THE PRIMARY COLOUR IS BLACK WITH BLACK BREAST, RUFOUS BELLY,WHITE SPOTS ON FLANKS AND GOLDEN BROWN SPOTS AT THE BACK OF BODY,ROUNDED TAIL NARROW BLACK AND WHITE BARS.MALE BLACK FRANCOLIN IS BLACK WITH WHITE PATCH ON THE CHEEK,A CHESTNUT COLLAR,AND WHITE SPOTS ON FLANKS,LEGS ARE REDDISH BROWN TO RED.FEMALE IS MAINLY BROWN,BUT HAS A CHESTNUT HINDNECK.FEMALE HAS UPPER PLUMAGE ,WINGS AND TAIL AS IN MALE BUT BLACK IS REPLACED BY MOTTLED BROWN AND BROWN BARS ON THE LOWER BACK AND TAIL ARE WIDER.FEMALE HAS NO CHEEK PATCH.FEEDS ON SEEDS AND INSECTS.
34CMS.,ONLY FRANCOLIN WITH DISTINCT RUFOUS NUCHAL PATCH,FOUND IN TALL GRASSLANDS NEAR RIVERS AND CULTIVATION,HEAD IS CURVED WITH BROWN IRIS EYES COLOUR,UNIQUE PATTERN OF BROWN COLOUR CROWN AND THROAT COLOUR IS BLACK.THE PRIMARY COLOUR IS BLACK WITH BLACK BREAST, RUFOUS BELLY,WHITE SPOTS ON FLANKS AND GOLDEN BROWN SPOTS AT THE BACK OF BODY,ROUNDED TAIL NARROW BLACK AND WHITE BARS.MALE BLACK FRANCOLIN IS BLACK WITH WHITE PATCH ON THE CHEEK,A CHESTNUT COLLAR,AND WHITE SPOTS ON FLANKS,LEGS ARE REDDISH BROWN TO RED.FEMALE IS MAINLY BROWN,BUT HAS A CHESTNUT HINDNECK.FEMALE HAS UPPER PLUMAGE ,WINGS AND TAIL AS IN MALE BUT BLACK IS REPLACED BY MOTTLED BROWN AND BROWN BARS ON THE LOWER BACK AND TAIL ARE WIDER.FEMALE HAS NO CHEEK PATCH.FEEDS ON SEEDS AND INSECTS.
33CMS.A FAIRLY DISTINCTIVE SMALL RAPTOR WITH POINTED WINGS. COULD BE MISTAKEN FOR A HARRIER ,BUT NOTE THE BLACK SHOULDER.COMMONLY HOVERS WHEN SEARCHING FOR PREY ,A HABIT NOT USUALLY SHARED BY THE HARRIERS WHICH ARE MUCH LARGER,SLIMMER AND LONGER-WINGED.GENERALLY SEEN IN DRIER OPEN COUNTRY OF THE LOWLANDS,IN URBAN AREAS FOUND ON THE EDGE OF THE TOWNS OR WASTE LANDS,PREFER OPEN AREAS WITH SCATTERED CLUMPS OF TREES,INCLUDING TREE LINED WATERCOURSES.ADULTS ARE A VERY PALE GREY WITH A WHITE HEAD AND WHITE UNDERPARTS.THE LEADING EDGE OF THE INNER WING IS BLACK.WHEN PERCHED, THIS GIVES THEM THEIR PROMINENT BLACK ‘SHOULDERS’.THEY HAVE RED EYES, WITH BLACK COMMA THAT EXTENDS BEHIND THE EYES.THEY HAVE A SQUARED TAIL AND A STREAMLINED AERODYNAMIC BODY. BILL IS SHORT WITH A SHARP HOOKED TIP TO THE UPPER MANDIBLE.BILL IS BLACK AND NOSTRILS , SKIN AT BASE OF BILL ARE BRIGHT YELLOW.LIVE ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY ON MICE,ON AVAILABILITY THEY CAN TAKE GRASSHOPPERS, RATS,SMALL REPTILES,BIRDS AND EVEN VERY RARELY RABBITS.
33CMS.A FAIRLY DISTINCTIVE SMALL RAPTOR WITH POINTED WINGS. COULD BE MISTAKEN FOR A HARRIER ,BUT NOTE THE BLACK SHOULDER.COMMONLY HOVERS WHEN SEARCHING FOR PREY ,A HABIT NOT USUALLY SHARED BY THE HARRIERS WHICH ARE MUCH LARGER,SLIMMER AND LONGER-WINGED.GENERALLY SEEN IN DRIER OPEN COUNTRY OF THE LOWLANDS,IN URBAN AREAS FOUND ON THE EDGE OF THE TOWNS OR WASTE LANDS,PREFER OPEN AREAS WITH SCATTERED CLUMPS OF TREES,INCLUDING TREE LINED WATERCOURSES.ADULTS ARE A VERY PALE GREY WITH A WHITE HEAD AND WHITE UNDERPARTS.THE LEADING EDGE OF THE INNER WING IS BLACK.WHEN PERCHED, THIS GIVES THEM THEIR PROMINENT BLACK ‘SHOULDERS’.THEY HAVE RED EYES, WITH BLACK COMMA THAT EXTENDS BEHIND THE EYES.THEY HAVE A SQUARED TAIL AND A STREAMLINED AERODYNAMIC BODY. BILL IS SHORT WITH A SHARP HOOKED TIP TO THE UPPER MANDIBLE.BILL IS BLACK AND NOSTRILS , SKIN AT BASE OF BILL ARE BRIGHT YELLOW.LIVE ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY ON MICE,ON AVAILABILITY THEY CAN TAKE GRASSHOPPERS, RATS,SMALL REPTILES,BIRDS AND EVEN VERY RARELY RABBITS.
21CMS.,MOST FAMILIAR OWL,HAS WHITE SPOTTING ON THE HEAD,FOUND NEAR VILLAGES,CULTIVATION,LIGHT FOREST,SEMI DESERT,IT HAS ALSO ADAPTED TO LIVE IN CITIES,IT NESTS IN A HOLE IN A TREE OR A BUILDING,ITS UPPER PARTS ARE GREY BROWN,HEAVILY SPOTTED WITH WHITE,UNDERPARTS ARE WHITE STREAKED WITH BROWN,FACIAL DISC IS PALE AND IRIS IS YELLOW.THERE IS A WHITE NECKBAND AND SUPERCILIUM.IT HUNTS A VARIETY OF INSECTS AND SMALL VERTEBRATES,MAY TAKE RODENTS,BATS,TOADS, SMALL SNAKES,MAY ALSO TAKE SCORPIONS AND MOLLUSCS.
20CMS.,BLACK AND WHITE BIRD WITH A LONG TAIL,MALE HAS BLACK UPPER PARTS,HEAD AND THROAT APART FROM A WHITE SHOULDER PATCH. UNDERPARTS AND SIDES OF LONG TAIL ARE WHITE.COMMONLY SEEN IN PARKS,GARDENS,SCRUB,FOREST.NOT PARTICULARLY SHY.THEY NEST IN TREE HOLLOWS,NICHES IN WALLS OR BUILDINGS,THEY FEED ON INSECTS AND OTHER INVERTEBRATES,OCCASIONALLY THEY CAN FEED ON FLOWER NECTAR,LEECHES,CENTIPEDES AND EVEN FISH.FEMALES ARE GREYISH BLACK ABOVE AND GREYISH WHITE BELOW.THEY ARE PARTICULARLY WELL KNOWN FOR THEIR SONGS.
66CMS.,SEXES ALIKE,HEAD, NECK AND BREAST BLACK, HAS GOLDEN-YELLOW BILL,SMALL WHITE NAPE-PATCH SURROUNDED BY BLACK,LOWER PLUMAGE WHITE,FAINTLY TINGED WITH LILAC,WHOLE UPPER PLUMAGE PURPLISH-BLUE,BRIGHTER ON THE WINGS AND TAIL.FLIGHT FEATHERS TIPPED WITH WHITE,TAIL LONG AND GRADUATED,THE FEATHERS BLUE ,BROADLY TIPPED WITH WHITE,ALL, EXCEPT THE VERY LONG CENTRAL PAIR HAVING A BAND OF BLACK IN FRONT OF THE WHITE..SEEN IN SUMMERS AT HEIGHT OF 1600-2700 METRES AND IN WINTERS AT >800 METRES.THESE ARE ESSENTIALLY ARBOREAL BIRDS,USUALLY SEEN IN HEAVY JUNGLES BUT VENTURE OUT INTO TREES AMONG CULTIVATION,OR ONTO BARE MOUNTAIN SIDES AT HIGH ELEVATIONS.THEY FREQUENTLY FEED ON THE GROUND WITH A HOPPING GAIT AND TAI IS KEPT HIGH OFF THE GROUND.THEY FEED ON SMALL MAMMALS,THE EGGS AND YOUNG OF OTHER BIRDS,INSECTS,WILD FRUITS AND BERRIES.
66CMS.,SEXES ALIKE,HEAD, NECK AND BREAST BLACK, HAS GOLDEN-YELLOW BILL,SMALL WHITE NAPE-PATCH SURROUNDED BY BLACK,LOWER PLUMAGE WHITE,FAINTLY TINGED WITH LILAC,WHOLE UPPER PLUMAGE PURPLISH-BLUE,BRIGHTER ON THE WINGS AND TAIL.FLIGHT FEATHERS TIPPED WITH WHITE,TAIL LONG AND GRADUATED,THE FEATHERS BLUE ,BROADLY TIPPED WITH WHITE,ALL, EXCEPT THE VERY LONG CENTRAL PAIR HAVING A BAND OF BLACK IN FRONT OF THE WHITE..SEEN IN SUMMERS AT HEIGHT OF 1600-2700 METRES AND IN WINTERS AT >800 METRES.THESE ARE ESSENTIALLY ARBOREAL BIRDS,USUALLY SEEN IN HEAVY JUNGLES BUT VENTURE OUT INTO TREES AMONG CULTIVATION,OR ONTO BARE MOUNTAIN SIDES AT HIGH ELEVATIONS.THEY FREQUENTLY FEED ON THE GROUND WITH A HOPPING GAIT AND TAI IS KEPT HIGH OFF THE GROUND.THEY FEED ON SMALL MAMMALS,THE EGGS AND YOUNG OF OTHER BIRDS,INSECTS,WILD FRUITS AND BERRIES.
66CMS.,SEXES ALIKE,HEAD, NECK AND BREAST BLACK, HAS GOLDEN-YELLOW BILL,SMALL WHITE NAPE-PATCH SURROUNDED BY BLACK,LOWER PLUMAGE WHITE,FAINTLY TINGED WITH LILAC,WHOLE UPPER PLUMAGE PURPLISH-BLUE,BRIGHTER ON THE WINGS AND TAIL.FLIGHT FEATHERS TIPPED WITH WHITE,TAIL LONG AND GRADUATED,THE FEATHERS BLUE ,BROADLY TIPPED WITH WHITE,ALL, EXCEPT THE VERY LONG CENTRAL PAIR HAVING A BAND OF BLACK IN FRONT OF THE WHITE..SEEN IN SUMMERS AT HEIGHT OF 1600-2700 METRES AND IN WINTERS AT >800 METRES.THESE ARE ESSENTIALLY ARBOREAL BIRDS,USUALLY SEEN IN HEAVY JUNGLES BUT VENTURE OUT INTO TREES AMONG CULTIVATION,OR ONTO BARE MOUNTAIN SIDES AT HIGH ELEVATIONS.THEY FREQUENTLY FEED ON THE GROUND WITH A HOPPING GAIT AND TAI IS KEPT HIGH OFF THE GROUND.THEY FEED ON SMALL MAMMALS,THE EGGS AND YOUNG OF OTHER BIRDS,INSECTS,WILD FRUITS AND BERRIES.
22CMS.,THIS MYNA IS A PALE BUFF CREAMY WITH A BLACK CAP AND A LOOSE CREST.CREST NOT OBVIOUS UNLESS RAISED.THE BILL IS YELLOW WITH A BLUISH BASE.THE IRIS IS PALE AND THERE IS A BLUISH PATCH OF SKIN AROUND THE EYE.THE OUTER TAIL FEATHERS HAVE WHITE, AND THE BLACK PRIMARIES OF THE WINGS DO NOT HAVE ANY WHITE PATCHES.THE ADULT MALE HAS A MORE PROMINANT CREST THAN THE FEMALE AND ALSO HAS LONGER NECK HACKLES.THIS PASSERINE IS TYPICALLY FOUND IN DRY FOREST,SCRUB JUNGLE AND CULTIVATION AND IS OFTEN FOUND CLOSE TO HUMAN HABITATIONS.WATERLOGGED OR MARSHY LANDS ARE ESPECIALLY FAVOURED.BRAHMINY STARLING IS OMNIVOROUS EATING FRUIT AND INSECTS.
12CMS.,THE DIAGNOSTIC WHITE PATCH ON THE CENTRE OF TAIL CAN BE DIFFICULT TO SEE IN THE FIELD(THE WHITE SPOTS ON THE TIPS OF OUTER TAIL FEATHERS ARE NOT DIAGNOSTIC AS THIS FEATURE IS ALSO SHOWN BY OTHER SPECIES),THE WHITE CHIN AND CHEEKS GRADUALLY BECOMING INCREASINGLY CINNAMON-BUFF ON THE REMAINING UNDER PARTS SEPARATE THIS FROM CHESTNUT BELLIED NUTHATCH AND WHITE-CHEEKED NUTHATCH.UNDERPARTS ARE PALER (RUFOUS VS CHESTNUT) AND RELATIVELY BROAD BLACK EYE-STRIPE USUALLY FLARES MORE MARKEDLY BEHIND THE EAR-COVERTS THAN ON KASHMIR NUTHATCH.
12CMS.,THE DIAGNOSTIC WHITE PATCH ON THE CENTRE OF TAIL CAN BE DIFFICULT TO SEE IN THE FIELD(THE WHITE SPOTS ON THE TIPS OF OUTER TAIL FEATHERS ARE NOT DIAGNOSTIC AS THIS FEATURE IS ALSO SHOWN BY OTHER SPECIES),THE WHITE CHIN AND CHEEKS GRADUALLY BECOMING INCREASINGLY CINNAMON-BUFF ON THE REMAINING UNDER PARTS SEPARATE THIS FROM CHESTNUT BELLIED NUTHATCH AND WHITE-CHEEKED NUTHATCH.UNDERPARTS ARE PALER (RUFOUS VS CHESTNUT) AND RELATIVELY BROAD BLACK EYE-STRIPE USUALLY FLARES MORE MARKEDLY BEHIND THE EAR-COVERTS THAN ON KASHMIR NUTHATCH.IT HAS SMALL BILL.
12CMS.,THE DIAGNOSTIC WHITE PATCH ON THE CENTRE OF TAIL CAN BE DIFFICULT TO SEE IN THE FIELD(THE WHITE SPOTS ON THE TIPS OF OUTER TAIL FEATHERS ARE NOT DIAGNOSTIC AS THIS FEATURE IS ALSO SHOWN BY OTHER SPECIES),THE WHITE CHIN AND CHEEKS GRADUALLY BECOMING INCREASINGLY CINNAMON-BUFF ON THE REMAINING UNDER PARTS SEPARATE THIS FROM CHESTNUT BELLIED NUTHATCH AND WHITE-CHEEKED NUTHATCH.UNDERPARTS ARE PALER (RUFOUS VS CHESTNUT) AND RELATIVELY BROAD BLACK EYE-STRIPE USUALLY FLARES MORE MARKEDLY BEHIND THE EAR-COVERTS THAN ON KASHMIR NUTHATCH.IT HAS SMALL BILL.
41CMS.,THE SLATY HEAD SEPARATES IT FROM ALL BUT GREY-HEADED PARAKEET,FROM LATTER BY DARKER SLATIER HEAD ,SHORTER,BROADER CENTRAL TAIL FEATHERS WITH DISTAL HALF RICH YELLOW.SEEN AT ALTITUDE OF 600 TO 2500 METRES,COMMONLY SEEN IN FORESTS,ORCHARDS AND CULTIVATION
16CMS.,BIRDS NORMALLY SHOW SOME STREAKING ON THE UPPER PARTS FOR MOST OF THE YEAR.FAINT TAIL- BARRING NOT NORMALLY VISIBLE IN THE FIELD.FOUND AT 900 TO 2300METRES,FOUND IN RANK GRASS,STEEP SCRUBBY HILLSIDE,GRASSY OPEN PINE FOREST,TERRACED FIELDS.
16CMS.,BIRDS NORMALLY SHOW SOME STREAKING ON THE UPPER PARTS FOR MOST OF THE YEAR.FAINT TAIL- BARRING NOT NORMALLY VISIBLE IN THE FIELD.FOUND AT 900 TO 2300METRES,FOUND IN RANK GRASS,STEEP SCRUBBY HILLSIDE,GRASSY OPEN PINE FOREST,TERRACED FIELDS.
20CMS.,FOREHEAD IS BROWN,BACK BARRED(VS SPOTTED IN YELLOW CROWNED WOODPECKER),BLACK MOUSTACHE(VS BROWN SIDES OF NECK IN YELLOW CROWNED WOODPECKER),MONTANE HABITAT,FOUND AT 1000 TO 3100 METRE,FOUND IN PINE,OAK,DEODHAR FORESTS.IT IS MEDIUM SIZED PIED WOODPECKER WITH YELLOW IN CROWN.WHITE BARRED (RATHER THAN SPOTTED)BLACK.UNDERPARTS ,PROMINENT BLACK MOUSTACHE EXTENDING TO BREAST AND BLACK STREAKED WHITE UNDERPARTS.VENT DEEP PINK.IN MALE FORECROWN BROWN,CENTRE YELLOW,REAR RED WITH BLACK REAR NECK. IN FEMALE WHOLE CROWN YELLOW.
20CMS.,FOREHEAD IS BROWN,BACK BARRED(VS SPOTTED IN YELLOW CROWNED WOODPECKER),BLACK MOUSTACHE(VS BROWN SIDES OF NECK IN YELLOW CROWNED WOODPECKER),MONTANE HABITAT,FOUND AT 1000 TO 3100 METRE,FOUND IN PINE,OAK,DEODHAR FORESTS.IT IS MEDIUM SIZED PIED WOODPECKER WITH YELLOW IN CROWN.WHITE BARRED (RATHER THAN SPOTTED)BLACK.UNDERPARTS ,PROMINENT BLACK MOUSTACHE EXTENDING TO BREAST AND BLACK STREAKED WHITE UNDERPARTS.VENT DEEP PINK.IN MALE FORECROWN BROWN,CENTRE YELLOW,REAR RED WITH BLACK REAR NECK. IN FEMALE WHOLE CROWN YELLOW.
20CMS.,FOREHEAD IS BROWN,BACK BARRED(VS SPOTTED IN YELLOW CROWNED WOODPECKER),BLACK MOUSTACHE(VS BROWN SIDES OF NECK IN YELLOW CROWNED WOODPECKER),MONTANE HABITAT,FOUND AT 1000 TO 3100 METRE,FOUND IN PINE,OAK,DEODHAR FORESTS.IT IS MEDIUM SIZED PIED WOODPECKER WITH YELLOW IN CROWN.WHITE BARRED (RATHER THAN SPOTTED)BLACK.UNDERPARTS ,PROMINENT BLACK MOUSTACHE EXTENDING TO BREAST AND BLACK STREAKED WHITE UNDERPARTS.VENT DEEP PINK.IN MALE FORECROWN BROWN,CENTRE YELLOW,REAR RED WITH BLACK REAR NECK. IN FEMALE WHOLE CROWN YELLOW.
21CMS.,ALSO CALLED GREY HEADED MYNA,IT IS RESIDENT OR PARTIALLY MIGRATORY SPECIES FOUND IN WOODED HABITATS IN INDIA THEY HAVE GREY UPPER PARTS AND BLACKISH REMIGES,BUT THE COLOUR OF REMAINING PLUMAGE DEPEND UPON SUBSPECIES.IN NOMINATE SUBSPECIES THE UNDERPARTS ARE RUFOUS.IT HAS LIGHT GREY HEAD WITH WHITISH STREAKING ESPECIALLY ON CROWN AND COLLAR REGION.THESE HAVE WHITE IRIDES AND YELLOW BILL WITH A PALE BLUE BASE. USUALLY FOUND IN OPEN WOODLAND AND CULTIVATION,YOUNG PLANTATIONS AND GARDENS.IT IS OMNIVOROUS.IT EATS FRUIT, NECTAR AND INSECTS.
21CMS.,ALSO CALLED GREY HEADED MYNA,IT IS RESIDENT OR PARTIALLY MIGRATORY SPECIES FOUND IN WOODED HABITATS IN INDIA THEY HAVE GREY UPPER PARTS AND BLACKISH REMIGES,BUT THE COLOUR OF REMAINING PLUMAGE DEPEND UPON SUBSPECIES.IN NOMINATE SUBSPECIES THE UNDERPARTS ARE RUFOUS.IT HAS LIGHT GREY HEAD WITH WHITISH STREAKING ESPECIALLY ON CROWN AND COLLAR REGION.THESE HAVE WHITE IRIDES AND YELLOW BILL WITH A PALE BLUE BASE. USUALLY FOUND IN OPEN WOODLAND AND CULTIVATION,YOUNG PLANTATIONS AND GARDENS.IT IS OMNIVOROUS.IT EATS FRUIT, NECTAR AND INSECTS.
41CMS.,THE SLATY HEAD SEPARATES IT FROM ALL BUT GREY-HEADED PARAKEET,FROM LATTER BY DARKER SLATIER HEAD ,SHORTER,BROADER CENTRAL TAIL FEATHERS WITH DISTAL HALF RICH YELLOW.SEEN AT ALTITUDE OF 600 TO 2500 METRES,COMMONLY SEEN IN FORESTS,ORCHARDS AND CULTIVATION
16CMS.,BLACK UPPER BREAST,DIFFERENT TAIL PATTERN AS COMPARED TO PIED WHEATEAR.AS COMPARED TO HUME’S WHEATEAR,BLACK EXTENDS FURTHER ONTO UPPER BREAST AND SIDES OF BREAST.BLACK SOOTIER-BROWN;LESS WHITE ON RUMP.SEEN AT HEIGHT OF 1800 TO 2400 METRES.SEEN ON BARREN HILLSIDES,NEAR VILLEGES, IN WINTERS SEEN IN PLAINS AT ABOUT 1200 METRES ALTITUDE,IN SEMI-DESERT AREAS AND FIELDS.
30 CMS.,SMALL,SOMEWHAT LONG TAILED PIGEON,BUFF BROWN WITH WHITE SPOTS ON BLACK HIND-NECK.THE TAILTIPS ARE WHITE AND THE WING COVERTS HAVE LIGHT BUFF SPOTS. FOUND IN LIGHT FORESTS,GARDENS AND URBAN AREAS.SOMETIMES ALSO CALLED AS MOUNTAIN DOVE,PEARL-NECKED DOVE OR LACE-NECKED DOVE.THE GROUND COLOUR OF THIS LONG AND SLIM DOVE IS ROSY BUFF BELOW SHADING GREY ON HEAD AND BELLY.THE BACK HAS BROWN FEATHERS WITH RUFOUS SPOTS IN THE INDIAN AND SUBSPECIES.WING FEATHERS ARE DARK BROWN WITH GREY EDGES.CENTRE OF THE ABDOMEN AND VENT ARE WHITE.OUTER TAIL FEATHERS ARE TIPPED IN WHITE AND BECOME VISIBLE WHEN THE BIRD TAKES OFF. FEED ON GRASS SEEDS,GRAINS,FALLEN FRUITS AND SEEDS OF OTHER PLANTS.THEY TAKE INSECTS OCCASIONALLY AND SOMETIMES FEED ON WINGED TERMITES.
20CMS.,FOUND AT 1800 TO 3000 METRES IN SUMMERS,IN WINTERS FOUND AT 1000 TO 1800 METRES.FOUND IN SCRUB,BUSHES,UNDERGROWTH AND GARDENS.THEY ARE MEDIUM SIZED LANDBIRDS.THESE BIRDS HAVE STRONG LEGS AND ARE QUITE TERRESTRIAL.THIS GROUP IS NOT STRONGLY MIGRATORY AND MOST SPECIES HAVE SHORT ROUNDED WINGS AND A WEAK FLIGHT.
25 CMS.,ALSO CALLED AS RUFOUS BACKED SHRIKE. THE COMMONEST SHRIKE THROUGHOUT MOST OF ITS RANGE.SEPARATED FROM MOST OTHER GREY MANTLED SHRIKES BY THE RUFOUS FLANKS AND LONG TAIL.FAVOURS DRY OPEN HABITATS AND IS FOUND PERCHED PROMINENTLY ATOP A BUSH OR ON A WIRE.THE DARK MASK THROUGH THE EYE IS BROAD AND COVERS THE FOREHEAD IN MOST SUBSPECIES AND THE WHOLE HEAD IS BLACK IN SUBSPECIES TRICOLOR AND NASUTUS.THE TAIL IS NARROW AND GRADUATED WITH PALE RUFOUS ON THE OUTER FEATHERS.A SMALL AMOUNT OF WHITE IS PRESENT AT THE BASE OF THE PRIMARIES.
21CMS.,MOST FAMILIAR OWL,HAS WHITE SPOTTING ON THE HEAD,FOUND NEAR VILLAGES,CULTIVATION,LIGHT FOREST,SEMI DESERT,IT HAS ALSO ADAPTED TO LIVE IN CITIES,IT NESTS IN A HOLE IN A TREE OR A BUILDING,ITS UPPER PARTS ARE GREY BROWN,HEAVILY SPOTTED WITH WHITE,UNDERPARTS ARE WHITE STREAKED WITH BROWN,FACIAL DISC IS PALE AND IRIS IS YELLOW.THERE IS A WHITE NECKBAND AND SUPERCILIUM.IT HUNTS A VARIETY OF INSECTS AND SMALL VERTEBRATES,MAY TAKE RODENTS,BATS,TOADS, SMALL SNAKES,MAY ALSO TAKE SCORPIONS AND MOLLUSCS.
30 CMS.,SMALL,SOMEWHAT LONG TAILED PIGEON,BUFF BROWN WITH WHITE SPOTS ON BLACK HIND-NECK.THE TAILTIPS ARE WHITE AND THE WING COVERTS HAVE LIGHT BUFF SPOTS. FOUND IN LIGHT FORESTS,GARDENS AND URBAN AREAS.SOMETIMES ALSO CALLED AS MOUNTAIN DOVE,PEARL-NECKED DOVE OR LACE-NECKED DOVE.THE GROUND COLOUR OF THIS LONG AND SLIM DOVE IS ROSY BUFF BELOW SHADING GREY ON HEAD AND BELLY.THE BACK HAS BROWN FEATHERS WITH RUFOUS SPOTS IN THE INDIAN AND SUBSPECIES.WING FEATHERS ARE DARK BROWN WITH GREY EDGES.CENTRE OF THE ABDOMEN AND VENT ARE WHITE.OUTER TAIL FEATHERS ARE TIPPED IN WHITE AND BECOME VISIBLE WHEN THE BIRD TAKES OFF. FEED ON GRASS SEEDS,GRAINS,FALLEN FRUITS AND SEEDS OF OTHER PLANTS.THEY TAKE INSECTS OCCASIONALLY AND SOMETIMES FEED ON WINGED TERMITES.
20CMS.,THE COMMONEST AND MOST WIDESPREAD BULBUL.EASILY IDENTIFIED BY SHORT CREST GIVING THE HEAD A SQUARISH APPEARANCE. BODY IS DARK BROWN WITH A SCALY PATTERN, WHILE THE HEAD IS DARKER OR BLACK.RUMP IS WHITE WHILE THE VENT IS RED.BLACK TAIL IS TIPPED IN WHITE.HIMALAYAN RACES HAVE A MORE PROMINENT CREST AND ARE MORE STREAKED ON THE UNDERSIDE.THIS IS A BIRD OF DRY SCRUB,OPEN FOREST,PLAINS AND CULTIVATED LANDS.FEED ON FRUITS,PETALS OF FLOWERS,NECTAR,INSECTS.
25CMS.,SLATY-GREY BACK AND CROWN,FOUND IN ROCKY TORRENTS,LAKE MARGINS,SUB-TROPICALS OR TROPICAL MOIST LOWLAND FORESTS AND SUBTROCAL OR TROPICAL MOIST MONTANE FORESTS.
25CMS.,SLATY-GREY BACK AND CROWN,FOUND IN ROCKY TORRENTS,LAKE MARGINS,SUB-TROPICALS OR TROPICAL MOIST LOWLAND FORESTS AND SUBTROCAL OR TROPICAL MOIST MONTANE FORESTS.
25CMS.,SLATY-GREY BACK AND CROWN,FOUND IN ROCKY TORRENTS,LAKE MARGINS,SUB-TROPICALS OR TROPICAL MOIST LOWLAND FORESTS AND SUBTROCAL OR TROPICAL MOIST MONTANE FORESTS.
75 CMS.,DIAGNOSTIC BARRING ON HEAD.HIGHLY GREGARIOUS.IN SUMMERS FOUND AT HIGH ALTITUDE MARSHY AREAS BY LAKES IN LADAKH.IN WINTERS FOUND NEAR LARGE LAKES,RIVERS,JHEELS AND FARMLAND.THE BIRD IS PALE-GREY WITH BLACK BARS ON ITS HEAD.IT IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S HIGHEST FLYING BIRD.THESE HAVE BEEN HEARD FLYING OVER MOUNT MAKALU(27825 FT.) AND MOUNT EVEREST(29029 FT.)BAR HEADED GOOSE IS OFTEN KEPT IN CAPTIVITY AS IT IS CONSIDERED BEAUTIFUL AND BREEDS EASILY.FEEDS ON BARLEY,RICE AND WHEAT AND MAY DAMAGE CROPS.
75 CMS.,DIAGNOSTIC BARRING ON HEAD.HIGHLY GREGARIOUS.IN SUMMERS FOUND AT HIGH ALTITUDE MARSHY AREAS BY LAKES IN LADAKH.IN WINTERS FOUND NEAR LARGE LAKES,RIVERS,JHEELS AND FARMLAND.THE BIRD IS PALE-GREY WITH BLACK BARS ON ITS HEAD.IT IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S HIGHEST FLYING BIRD.THESE HAVE BEEN HEARD FLYING OVER MOUNT MAKALU(27825 FT.) AND MOUNT EVEREST(29029 FT.)BAR HEADED GOOSE IS OFTEN KEPT IN CAPTIVITY AS IT IS CONSIDERED BEAUTIFUL AND BREEDS EASILY.FEEDS ON BARLEY,RICE AND WHEAT AND MAY DAMAGE CROPS.
42CMS.,ALSO KNOWN AS EURASIAN COOT .IT IS LARGELY BLACK EXCEPT FOR THE WHITE FRONTAL SHIELD .SEEN IN LAKES,JHEELS AND TANKS.COOT IS AN OMNIVORE AND WILL TAKE A VARIETY OF SMALL LIVE PREY INCLUDING THE EGGS OF OTHER WATER BIRDS,AS WELL AS ALGAE, VEGETATION ,SEEDS AND FRUIT.IT HAS VARIATIONS IN FEEDING TECHNIQUES ,GRAZING ON LAND OR IN WATER.IN WATER IT MAY UPEND IN THE FASHION OF A MALLARD OR DIVE IN SEARCH OF FOOD.
25 CMS.,ALSO CALLED AS RUFOUS BACKED SHRIKE. THE COMMONEST SHRIKE THROUGHOUT MOST OF ITS RANGE.SEPARATED FROM MOST OTHER GREY MANTLED SHRIKES BY THE RUFOUS FLANKS AND LONG TAIL.FAVOURS DRY OPEN HABITATS AND IS FOUND PERCHED PROMINENTLY ATOP A BUSH OR ON A WIRE.THE DARK MASK THROUGH THE EYE IS BROAD AND COVERS THE FOREHEAD IN MOST SUBSPECIES AND THE WHOLE HEAD IS BLACK IN SUBSPECIES TRICOLOR AND NASUTUS.THE TAIL IS NARROW AND GRADUATED WITH PALE RUFOUS ON THE OUTER FEATHERS.A SMALL AMOUNT OF WHITE IS PRESENT AT THE BASE OF THE PRIMARIES.
25 CMS.,ALSO CALLED AS RUFOUS BACKED SHRIKE. THE COMMONEST SHRIKE THROUGHOUT MOST OF ITS RANGE.SEPARATED FROM MOST OTHER GREY MANTLED SHRIKES BY THE RUFOUS FLANKS AND LONG TAIL.FAVOURS DRY OPEN HABITATS AND IS FOUND PERCHED PROMINENTLY ATOP A BUSH OR ON A WIRE.THE DARK MASK THROUGH THE EYE IS BROAD AND COVERS THE FOREHEAD IN MOST SUBSPECIES AND THE WHOLE HEAD IS BLACK IN SUBSPECIES TRICOLOR AND NASUTUS.THE TAIL IS NARROW AND GRADUATED WITH PALE RUFOUS ON THE OUTER FEATHERS.A SMALL AMOUNT OF WHITE IS PRESENT AT THE BASE OF THE PRIMARIES.
14CMS.,FAINT GREYISH WASH ON BREAST;EYE-RING;PALE LORES;LARGISH BILL WITH BASAL 1/2 OF LOWER MANDIBLE DISTINCTLY YELLOW/FLESHY,CONTRASTING WITH DUSKY TIP.ADULT HAS GREY-BROWN UPPER PARTS, WHICH BECOMES GREYER AS PLUMAGE AGES.IT HAS WHITISH UNDERPARTS WITH BROWN-TINGED FLANKS.YOUNG BIRDS HAVE SCALY BROWN UPPER PARTS ,HEAD AND BREAST. SEEN IN OPEN FOREST,GROVES,FOREST EDGE,PLANTATIONS.
14CMS.,FAINT GREYISH WASH ON BREAST;EYE-RING;PALE LORES;LARGISH BILL WITH BASAL 1/2 OF LOWER MANDIBLE DISTINCTLY YELLOW/FLESHY,CONTRASTING WITH DUSKY TIP.ADULT HAS GREY-BROWN UPPER PARTS, WHICH BECOMES GREYER AS PLUMAGE AGES.IT HAS WHITISH UNDERPARTS WITH BROWN-TINGED FLANKS.YOUNG BIRDS HAVE SCALY BROWN UPPER PARTS ,HEAD AND BREAST. SEEN IN OPEN FOREST,GROVES,FOREST EDGE,PLANTATIONS.
27CMS.,IT HAS BROWN HEAD WITH THIN PALE STREAKS,LARGE BARE ORANGE EYE-PATCH AND LACK OF WHITE CHEEK-PATCH.SEEN IN WELL-WOODED AREAS,GARDENS.ALSO CALLED LARGE GREEN BARBET IS AN ASIAN BARBET.IT EATS FRUIT AND INSECTS.IT IS TOLERANT OF HUMANS AND IS OFTEN SEEN IN CITIES,IN GREENERY.
ALSO CALLED AS SHORE LARK.BROWN-GREY ABOVE AND PALE BELOW, WITH A STRIKING BLACK AND YELLOW FACE PATTERN.EXCEPT FOR CENTRAL FEATHERS,THE TAIL IS MOSTLY BLACK.THE SUMMER MALE HAS BLACK HORNS.THIS IS A BIRD OF OPEN GROUND.FEEDS ON SEEDS AND INSECTS.
31 TO 35 CMS.,BLUE WHISTLING THRUSH IS DARK VIOLET BLUE WITH SHINY SPANGLING ON THE TIPS OF BODY FEATHERS OTHER THAN ON THE LORES,ABDOMEN AND UNDER THE TAIL.WING COVERTS ARE A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT SHADE OF BLUE AND MEDIAN COVERTS HAVE WHITE SPOTS AT THEIR TIPS.THE BILL IS YELLOW AND STANDS IN CONTRAST.THE INNER WEBS OF FLIGHT AND TAIL FEATHERS IS BLACK.FOUND IN TEMPERATE FORESTS AND SUBTROPICAL OR TROPICAL MOIST MONTANE FORESTS.THEY MAKE ALTITUDINAL MOVEMENTS IN HIMALAYAS,DESCENDING IN WINTERS.THEY HOP ON ROCKS AND MOVE ABOUT IN QUICK SPURTS.THEY TURN OVER LEAVES AND SMALL STONES COCKING THEIR HEADS AND CHECKING FOR MOVEMENTS OF PREY.WHEN ALARMED THEY SPREAD AND DROOP THEIR TAIL.THEY FEED ON FRUITS, EARTHWORMS,INSECTS,CRABS AND SNAILS.IN CAPTIVITY THEY CAN KILL MICE AND EAT IT.IN WILD THEY CAN PREY SMALL BIRDS.
PLUM-HEADED PARAKEET IS A MAINLY GREEN PARROT 33 CMS. LONG WITH A TAIL UPTO 22 CMS.THE MALE HAS A RED HEAD WHICH SHADES TO PURPLE-BLUE ON THE BACK OF THE CROWN,NAPE AND CHEEKS, WHILE THE FEMALE HAS BLUISH-GREY HEAD.THERE IS A NARROW BLACK NECK COLLAR WITH VERDIGRIS BELOW ON THE NAPE AND A BLACK CHIN STRIPE THAT EXTENDS FROM THE LOWER MANDIBLE.THERE IS A RED SHOULDER PATCH AND THE RUMP AND TAIL ARE BLUISH-GREEN ,THE LATTER TIPPED WHITE.IT IS A BIRD OF FOREST AND OPEN WOODLAND.THEY FEED ON GRAINS AND FRUITS ,THE FLESHY PETALS OF FLOWERS AND SOMETIMES RAID AGRICULTURAL FIELDS AND ORCHARDS.
14 CMS.,DARK GREY CROWN WITH RED NAPE IN THE MALE,STRONG BLACK EYE-STRIPES AND THIN DARK MALAR STRIPE CONTRAST WITH BROAD WHITE SUPERCILIA AND CHEEKS;DARK ALMOST BLACK ABOVE;BARRED BLACK AND WHITE ABOVE;DISTINCT STREAKS BELOW;PLAIN CENTRAL TAIL;NO RED ORBITAL RING;IRIS DARK.FOUND IN OPEN FOREST AND GARDENS.
27 CMS.,ALSO CALLED LARGE GREEN BARBET.IT IS A PLUMP BIRD,WITH A SHORT NECK,LARGE HEAD AND SHORT TAIL.IT HAS A STREAKED BROWN HEAD,NECK AND BREAST,WITH A YELLOW EYE PATCH.REST OF THE PLUMAGE IS GREEN.THE BILL IS THICK AND RED.SEXES ARE SIMILAR.IT IS AN ARBOREAL SPECIES OF GARDENS AND WOODED COUNTRY WHICH EATS FRUITS AND INSECTS.IT IS FAIRLY TOLERANT OF HUMANS AND IS OFTEN SEEN IN CITIES,IN GREENERY.THE BIRD IS LARGELY FRUGIVOROUS ON MANGOES,RIPE JACK,PAPYA,BANANA,FIGS AND SIMILAR CULTIVATED FRUIT TREES.
30 CMS.,SMALL,SOMEWHAT LONG TAILED PIGEON,BUFF BROWN WITH WHITE SPOTS ON BLACK HIND-NECK.THE TAILTIPS ARE WHITE AND THE WING COVERTS HAVE LIGHT BUFF SPOTS. FOUND IN LIGHT FORESTS,GARDENS AND URBAN AREAS.SOMETIMES ALSO CALLED AS MOUNTAIN DOVE,PEARL-NECKED DOVE OR LACE-NECKED DOVE.THE GROUND COLOUR OF THIS LONG AND SLIM DOVE IS ROSY BUFF BELOW SHADING GREY ON HEAD AND BELLY.THE BACK HAS BROWN FEATHERS WITH RUFOUS SPOTS IN THE INDIAN AND SUBSPECIES.WING FEATHERS ARE DARK BROWN WITH GREY EDGES.CENTRE OF THE ABDOMEN AND VENT ARE WHITE.OUTER TAIL FEATHERS ARE TIPPED IN WHITE AND BECOME VISIBLE WHEN THE BIRD TAKES OFF. FEED ON GRASS SEEDS,GRAINS,FALLEN FRUITS AND SEEDS OF OTHER PLANTS.THEY TAKE INSECTS OCCASIONALLY AND SOMETIMES FEED ON WINGED TERMITES.
15CMS.,ENTIRELY BLACK ABOVE WHITE BELOW.FEMALE PLAIN BROWN ABOVE,SLIGHTLY MORE RUFOUS ON THE RUMP;WHITE THROAT AND BREAST MERGE WITH BUFFY BELLY AND VENT.RELATIVELY SHY.SEEN IN RIVERINE FLOODPLAINS,TALL GRASS,REEDS AND BUSHES.
61CMS.,IS A MEDIUM SIZED HORNBILL.THE UPPER PARTS ARE GREYISH BROWN AND THERE IS A SLIGHT TRACE OF A PALE SUPERCILIUM.THE EAR COVERTS ARE DARKER.THE FLIGHT FEATHERS OF THE WINGS ARE DARK BROWN AND WHITISH TIPPED.THE TAIL HAS A WHITE TIP AND A DARK SUBTERMINAL BAND.THEY HAVE A RED IRIS AND THE EYELIDS HAVE EYELASHES.THE CASQUE IS SHORT AND POINTED.THE MALE HAS A LARGER CASQUE ON A DARK BILL WHILE THE CULMEN AND THE LOWER MANDIBLE ARE YELLOWISH.THE BARE SKIN AROUND THE EYE IS DARK IN THE MALE WHILE IT IS SOMETIMES PALE REDDISH IN FEMALES.FEMALE HAS A MORE YELLOWISH BILL WITH THE BLACK ON THE BASAL HALF AND ON THE CASQUE.THEY HAVE GREY FEATHERS ALL OVER THE BODY WITH A LIGHT GREY OR DULL WHITE BELLY.THE HORN IS BLACK OR DARK GREY WITH A CASQUE EXTENDING UPTO THE POINT OF CURVATURE IN THE HORN.FOUND IN PAIRS OR SMALL GROUPS.FEED ON FRUITING TREES LIKE FICUS SPECIES,ALSO FEED ON MOLLUSCS,SCORPIONS,INSECTS,SMALL BIRDS AND REPTILES.THEY ARE ALMOST COMPLETELY ARBOREAL.
15CMS.,ENTIRELY BLACK ABOVE WHITE BELOW.FEMALE PLAIN BROWN ABOVE,SLIGHTLY MORE RUFOUS ON THE RUMP;WHITE THROAT AND BREAST MERGE WITH BUFFY BELLY AND VENT.RELATIVELY SHY.SEEN IN RIVERINE FLOODPLAINS,TALL GRASS,REEDS AND BUSHES.
18CMS.,IT IS A SMALL BROWN BIRD AND HAS A SHORT TAIL WITH WITH LIGHT BROWN OUTER FEATHERS.CREST USUALLY OBVIOUS,LONG AND POINTED AND IS USUALLY MORE PRONOUNCED DURING TERRITORIAL AND COURTSHIP DISPLAYS AND WHEN SINGING.IN FLIGHT IT SHOWS REDDISH UNDERWINGS .MAINLY SEEN IN LOWLANDS UPTO 2400 METRES,DRY OPEN COUNTRY,OFTEN SEEN BY THE ROADSIDES OR IN THE CEREAL FIELDS,OCCUPIES SMALL SANDY PATCHES BY RAILWAYS,DOCKS AND AIRFIELDS, SANDY DESERTS AND SEMI-DESERT,VICINITY OF CULTIVATION,DRY COASTAL MUDFLATS.SOLITARY OR SCATTERED INDIVIDUALS.FEED ON GRAINS AND SEEDS BUT ALSO EAT INSECTS PARTICULARLY BEATLES.
18CMS.,IT IS A SMALL BROWN BIRD AND HAS A SHORT TAIL WITH WITH LIGHT BROWN OUTER FEATHERS.CREST USUALLY OBVIOUS,LONG AND POINTED AND IS USUALLY MORE PRONOUNCED DURING TERRITORIAL AND COURTSHIP DISPLAYS AND WHEN SINGING.IN FLIGHT IT SHOWS REDDISH UNDERWINGS .MAINLY SEEN IN LOWLANDS UPTO 2400 METRES,DRY OPEN COUNTRY,OFTEN SEEN BY THE ROADSIDES OR IN THE CEREAL FIELDS,OCCUPIES SMALL SANDY PATCHES BY RAILWAYS,DOCKS AND AIRFIELDS, SANDY DESERTS AND SEMI-DESERT,VICINITY OF CULTIVATION,DRY COASTAL MUDFLATS.SOLITARY OR SCATTERED INDIVIDUALS.FEED ON GRAINS AND SEEDS BUT ALSO EAT INSECTS PARTICULARLY BEATLES.
18CMS.,IT IS A SMALL BROWN BIRD AND HAS A SHORT TAIL WITH WITH LIGHT BROWN OUTER FEATHERS.CREST USUALLY OBVIOUS,LONG AND POINTED AND IS USUALLY MORE PRONOUNCED DURING TERRITORIAL AND COURTSHIP DISPLAYS AND WHEN SINGING.IN FLIGHT IT SHOWS REDDISH UNDERWINGS .MAINLY SEEN IN LOWLANDS UPTO 2400 METRES,DRY OPEN COUNTRY,OFTEN SEEN BY THE ROADSIDES OR IN THE CEREAL FIELDS,OCCUPIES SMALL SANDY PATCHES BY RAILWAYS,DOCKS AND AIRFIELDS, SANDY DESERTS AND SEMI-DESERT,VICINITY OF CULTIVATION,DRY COASTAL MUDFLATS.SOLITARY OR SCATTERED INDIVIDUALS.FEED ON GRAINS AND SEEDS BUT ALSO EAT INSECTS PARTICULARLY BEATLES.
15CMS.,NOTE DARK INVERTED T ON TAIL,FEMALE HAS DISTINCT WHITE THROAT AND WING PATCH.IN SUMMERS FOUND AT 2700 TO 4900 METRES AND IN WINTERS FOUND AT 1400 TO 4200 METRES. SEEN IN OPEN FORESTS AND SCRUB, OFTEN ALONG STREAMS.
14CMS.,FAINT GREYISH WASH ON BREAST;EYE-RING;PALE LORES;LARGISH BILL WITH BASAL 1/2 OF LOWER MANDIBLE DISTINCTLY YELLOW/FLESHY,CONTRASTING WITH DUSKY TIP.ADULT HAS GREY-BROWN UPPER PARTS, WHICH BECOMES GREYER AS PLUMAGE AGES.IT HAS WHITISH UNDERPARTS WITH BROWN-TINGED FLANKS.YOUNG BIRDS HAVE SCALY BROWN UPPER PARTS ,HEAD AND BREAST. SEEN IN OPEN FOREST,GROVES,FOREST EDGE,PLANTATIONS.
16CMS.,ALSO CALLED AS ORIENTAL LARK OR SMALL SKYLARK ,IS A SPECIES OF SKYLARK FOUND IN INDIAN SUBCONTINENT AND SOUTHEAST ASIA.THEY HAVE STREAKED YELLOW-BROWN UPPER PLUMAGE ,WITH WHITE OUTER TAIL FEATHERS AND A SHORT CREST. BOTH SEXES ARE SIMILAR.RUFOUS TINGE TO PRIMARIES IS LESS CONTRASTING THAN IN BUSHLARKS AND THE BILL MUCH FINER.IT IS FOUND IN OPEN GRASSLANDS-OFTEN NEAR WATERBODIES-WHERE IT FEEDS ON SEEDS AND INSECTS.
31 CMS.,ALSO KNOWN AS PEEWIT OR PEWIT ,GREEN PLOVER.IT HAS ROUNDED WINGS AND A CREST.IT IS THE SHORTEST- LEGGED OF THE LAPWINGS.IT IS MAINLY BLACK AND WHITE,BUT THE BACK IS TINTED GREEN.THE MALE HAS A LONG CREST AND A BLACK CROWN,THROAT AND BREAST CONTRASTING WITH AN OTHERWISE WHITE FACE.FEMALES AND YOUNG BIRDS HAVE SHORTER CRESTS, AND LESS STRONGLY MARKED HEADS,BUT THE PLUMAGES ARE OTHERWISE QUITE SIMILAR.IT FEEDS PRIMARILY ON INSECTS AND OTHER SMALL INVERTEBRATES PREFER TO FEED AT NIGHT WHEN THERE IS MOONLIGHT.FOUND NEAR JHEELS,MARSHES,GRASSY AREAS NEAR WATER,FIELDS,RIVER BANKS.
90 CMS.,ALSO CALLED LARGE EGRET OR GREAT WHITE HERON .IT IS A LARGE HERON WITH ALL WHITE PLUMAGE.IT IS ONLY SLIGHTLY SMALLER THAN GREAT BLUE OR GREY HERON.IT HAS YELLOW BILL AND BLACK LEGS AND FEET,THOUGH THE BILL MAY BECOME DARKER AND THE LOWER LEGS LIGHTER IN THE BREEDING SEASON.IN BREEDING PLUMAGE ,DELICATE ORNAMENTAL FEATHERS ARE BORNE ON THE BACK.MALES AND FEMALES ARE IDENTICAL.LARGE SIZE SEPARATES IT FROM MOST OTHER WHITE EGRETS EXCEPT INTERMEDIATE EGRET WHEN NOT SEEN TOGETHER.DISTINGUISHED FROM INTERMEDIATE BY LONG THIN NECK WITH A SHARP, ALMOST RECTANGULAR KINK IN IT WHEN NOT FULLY EXTENDED, AND LONG SLIM DAGGER-LIKE BILL (APPEARS LONGER THAN HEAD);GAPE EXTENDS BACK BEHIND EYE;IT HAS A SLOW FLIGHT WITH ITS NECK RETRACTED.IT IS FOUND MAINLY NEAR LOWLAND JHEELS,MARGINS OF LAKES,RIVERS,CREEKS ETC.
90 CMS.,ALSO CALLED LARGE EGRET OR GREAT WHITE HERON .IT IS A LARGE HERON WITH ALL WHITE PLUMAGE.IT IS ONLY SLIGHTLY SMALLER THAN GREAT BLUE OR GREY HERON.IT HAS YELLOW BILL AND BLACK LEGS AND FEET,THOUGH THE BILL MAY BECOME DARKER AND THE LOWER LEGS LIGHTER IN THE BREEDING SEASON.IN BREEDING PLUMAGE ,DELICATE ORNAMENTAL FEATHERS ARE BORNE ON THE BACK.MALES AND FEMALES ARE IDENTICAL.LARGE SIZE SEPARATES IT FROM MOST OTHER WHITE EGRETS EXCEPT INTERMEDIATE EGRET WHEN NOT SEEN TOGETHER.DISTINGUISHED FROM INTERMEDIATE BY LONG THIN NECK WITH A SHARP, ALMOST RECTANGULAR KINK IN IT WHEN NOT FULLY EXTENDED, AND LONG SLIM DAGGER-LIKE BILL (APPEARS LONGER THAN HEAD);GAPE EXTENDS BACK BEHIND EYE;IT HAS A SLOW FLIGHT WITH ITS NECK RETRACTED.IT IS FOUND MAINLY NEAR LOWLAND JHEELS,MARGINS OF LAKES,RIVERS, CREEKS ETC.
64 CMS.,ALSO CALLED WHITE SCAVENGER VULTURE OR PHARAOH’S CHICKEN .QUITE DISTINCTIVE LOOKING-RATHER HANDSOME IN FLIGHT BUT SOMEWHAT SCRUFFY WHEN SEEN PERCHED.ADULT’S PLUMAGE IS WHITE,WITH BLACK FLIGHT FEATHERS IN THE WINGS.WILD BIRDS USUALLY APPEAR SOILED WITH A RUSTY OR BROWN SHADE TO THE WHITE PLUMAGE,DERIVED FROM MUD OR IRON RICH SOIL.THE BILL IS SLENDER AND LONG , AND THE TIP OF UPPER MANDIBLE IS HOOKED.THE NOSTRIL IS THE ELONGATED HORIZONTAL SLIT.THE NECK FEATHERS ARE LONG AND FORM A HACKLE.THE WINGS ARE POINTED,WITH THIRD PRIMARY BEING THE LONGEST;THE TAIL IS WEDGE SHAPED.THE LEGS ARE PINK IN ADULTS.THE CLAWS ARE LONG AND STRAIGHT.THE BILL IS PALE OR YELLOWISH IN ADULTS.THE FACIAL SKIN IS YELLOW AND UNFEATHERED DOWN TO THE THROAT.YOUNG BIRDS ARE BLACKISH OR CHOCOLATE BROWN WITH BLACK AND WHITE PATCHES.THEY FEED ON A RANGE OF FOOD ,INCLUDING MAMMAL FAECES INCLUDING HUMAN FAECES ,INSECTS IN THE DUNG,CARRION, VEGETABLE MATTER AND SOMETIMES SMALL ANIMALS.
78 CMS.,ADULT IS OVERALL DARK TO MIDBROWN BELOW WITH MANY BIRDS SHOWING BOLD DARK BARRING ON THE TAIL AND SLIGHTLY PALER FLIGHT FEATHERS ALONG WITH A BROAD DARK TRAILING EDGE TO BOTH,FEATHERS WHICH ALSO SEPARATE THIS FROM GREATER SPOTTED AND LESSER SPOTTED EAGLES.UPPERPARTS DARK BROWN,OFTEN WITH PALER COVERTS;SOMETIMES A SMALL RUSTY-YELLOW PATCH ON NAPE;SMALL WHITISH PATCH ON RUMP AND DARK TERMINAL BAND ON TAIL.STEPPE EAGLES FEED MAINLY ON FRESH CARRIONS OF ALL KINDS,BUT IT WILL KILL RODENTS AND OTHER SMALL MAMMALS UPTO THE SIZE OF HARE AND BIRDS UPTO THE SIZE OF PATRIDGES.IT WILL ALSO STEAL FOOD FROM OTHER RAPTORS.LIKE OTHER SPECIES THE STEPPE EAGLE HAS A CROP IN ITS THROAT ALLOWING IT TO STORE FOOD FOR SEVERAL HOURS BEFORE BEING MOVED TO STOMACH.
78 CMS.,ADULT IS OVERALL DARK TO MIDBROWN BELOW WITH MANY BIRDS SHOWING BOLD DARK BARRING ON THE TAIL AND SLIGHTLY PALER FLIGHT FEATHERS ALONG WITH A BROAD DARK TRAILING EDGE TO BOTH,FEATHERS WHICH ALSO SEPARATE THIS FROM GREATER SPOTTED AND LESSER SPOTTED EAGLES.UPPERPARTS DARK BROWN,OFTEN WITH PALER COVERTS;SOMETIMES A SMALL RUSTY-YELLOW PATCH ON NAPE;SMALL WHITISH PATCH ON RUMP AND DARK TERMINAL BAND ON TAIL.STEPPE EAGLES FEED MAINLY ON FRESH CARRIONS OF ALL KINDS,BUT IT WILL KILL RODENTS AND OTHER SMALL MAMMALS UPTO THE SIZE OF HARE AND BIRDS UPTO THE SIZE OF PATRIDGES.IT WILL ALSO STEAL FOOD FROM OTHER RAPTORS.LIKE OTHER SPECIES THE STEPPE EAGLE HAS A CROP IN ITS THROAT ALLOWING IT TO STORE FOOD FOR SEVERAL HOURS BEFORE BEING MOVED TO STOMACH.
78 CMS.,ADULT IS OVERALL DARK TO MIDBROWN BELOW WITH MANY BIRDS SHOWING BOLD DARK BARRING ON THE TAIL AND SLIGHTLY PALER FLIGHT FEATHERS ALONG WITH A BROAD DARK TRAILING EDGE TO BOTH,FEATHERS WHICH ALSO SEPARATE THIS FROM GREATER SPOTTED AND LESSER SPOTTED EAGLES.UPPERPARTS DARK BROWN,OFTEN WITH PALER COVERTS;SOMETIMES A SMALL RUSTY-YELLOW PATCH ON NAPE;SMALL WHITISH PATCH ON RUMP AND DARK TERMINAL BAND ON TAIL.STEPPE EAGLES FEED MAINLY ON FRESH CARRIONS OF ALL KINDS,BUT IT WILL KILL RODENTS AND OTHER SMALL MAMMALS UPTO THE SIZE OF HARE AND BIRDS UPTO THE SIZE OF PATRIDGES.IT WILL ALSO STEAL FOOD FROM OTHER RAPTORS.LIKE OTHER SPECIES THE STEPPE EAGLE HAS A CROP IN ITS THROAT ALLOWING IT TO STORE FOOD FOR SEVERAL HOURS BEFORE BEING MOVED TO STOMACH.
PALLA’S GULL OR GREAT BLACK-HEADED GULL IS A LARGE GULL.THE ADULTS HAVE GREY WINGS AND BACK WITH CONSPICUOUS WHITE MIRRORS AT THE WING-TIPS.THE LEGS ARE YELLOW AND THE BILL IS RED.IN ALL OTHER PLUMAGES A DARK MASK THROUGH THE EYE INDICATES THE VESTIGES OF THE HOOD.THESE BIRDS ARE PREDATORY,TAKING FISH,CRUSTACEANS AND INSECTS AND EVEN SMALL MAMMALS.
75 CMS.,DIAGNOSTIC BARRING ON HEAD.HIGHLY GREGARIOUS.IN SUMMERS FOUND AT HIGH ALTITUDE MARSHY AREAS BY LAKES IN LADAKH.IN WINTERS FOUND NEAR LARGE LAKES,RIVERS,JHEELS AND FARMLAND.THE BIRD IS PALE-GREY WITH BLACK BARS ON ITS HEAD.IT IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S HIGHEST FLYING BIRD.THESE HAVE BEEN HEARD FLYING OVER MOUNT MAKALU(27825 FT.) AND MOUNT EVEREST(29029 FT.)BAR HEADED GOOSE IS OFTEN KEPT IN CAPTIVITY AS IT IS CONSIDERED BEAUTIFUL AND BREEDS EASILY.FEEDS ON BARLEY,RICE AND WHEAT AND MAY DAMAGE CROPS.
16CMS.,MALE IS MAINLY BLACK WITH A WHITE SHOULDER PATCH OR A STRIPE ,WHOSE VISIBLE EXTENT CAN VARY WITH POSTURE. UNDERPARTS ARE GREY BROWN ,IT HAS CHEST-NUT VENT AND ROFOUS-TINGED EAR COVERTS..NORTHERN POPULATIONS HAVE UPPER PLUMAGE BROWNISH WHILE SOUTHERN POPULATIONS ARE BLACK ABOVE.FEMALES ARE BROWNISH ABOVE ,HAVE NO WHITE SHOULDER STRIPE AND ARE GREYISH BELOW WITH THE VENT A PALER SHADE OF CHESTNUT THAN THE MALES. THIS BIRD IS FOUND IN OPEN STONY,GRASSY AND SCRUB FOREST HABITATS.THEY ARE MAINLY FOUND IN DRY HABITATS AND ARE MOSTLY ABSENT FROM THE THICKER FOREST REGIONS AND HIGH RAINFALL AREAS.THEY FEED MOSTLY ON INSECTS BUT ARE KNOWN TO TAKE FROGS AND LIZARDS ESPECIALLY WHEN FEEDING YOUNG AT THE NEST.
75 CMS.,DIAGNOSTIC BARRING ON HEAD.HIGHLY GREGARIOUS.IN SUMMERS FOUND AT HIGH ALTITUDE MARSHY AREAS BY LAKES IN LADAKH.IN WINTERS FOUND NEAR LARGE LAKES,RIVERS,JHEELS AND FARMLAND.THE BIRD IS PALE-GREY WITH BLACK BARS ON ITS HEAD.IT IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S HIGHEST FLYING BIRD.THESE HAVE BEEN HEARD FLYING OVER MOUNT MAKALU(27825 FT.) AND MOUNT EVEREST(29029 FT.)BAR HEADED GOOSE IS OFTEN KEPT IN CAPTIVITY AS IT IS CONSIDERED BEAUTIFUL AND BREEDS EASILY.FEEDS ON BARLEY,RICE AND WHEAT AND MAY DAMAGE CROPS.
21 CMS.,ALSO CALLED AS LARGE-PIED WAGTAIL .IT IS A MEDIUM-SIZED BIRD AND IS THE LARGEST MEMBER OF THE WAGTAIL FAMILY.IT HAS BLACK UPPERPARTS HEAD AND BREAST WITH A WHITE SUPERCILIUM AND LARGE WHITE WINGBAR.UNLIKE WHITE WAGTAILS IT NEVER HAS WHITE ON THE FOREHEAD.THE REST OF THE UNDERPARTS ARE WHITE.THE FEMALE HAS THE BLACK LESS INTENSE THAN IN THE MALE.PIED PLUMAGE DISTINGUISHES THIS FROM ALL WAGTAILS EXCEPT BLACK-BACKED RACES OF WHITE WAGTAIL.BUT IT IS LARGER IN SIZE ,BLACK OF CROWN MEETING THE BILL(i.e. CONSPICUOUS WHITE SUPERCILIA DO NOT MEET) AND WING PATTERN.IT IS FOUND IN OPEN FRESH WATER WETLAND HABITATS.LIKE OTHER WAGTAILS THIS SPECIES IS INSECTIVOROUS.
25CMS.,IT RESEMBLES A SMALL ELEGANT GREENSHANK WITH A LONG FINE BILL AND A VERY LONG YELLOWISH LEGS.LIKE THE GREENSHANK IT IS GREYISH-BROWN IN BREEDING PLUMAGE,PALER IN WINTER, AND HAS A WHITE WEDGE UP ITS BACK THAT IS VISIBLE IN FLIGHT.HOWEVER IT IS MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO THE COMMON REDSHANK AND THE WOOD SANDPIPER.TOGETHER THEY FORM A GROUP OF SMALLISH SHANKS WHICH TEND TO HAVE RED OR REDDISH LEGS AND IN BREEDING PLUMAGE ARE GENERALLY A SUBDUED,LIGHT-BROWN ABOVE WITH SOME DARKER MOTTLING ,WITH A PATTERN OF SOMEWHAT DIFFUSE SMALL BROWNISH SPOTS ON THE BREAST AND NECK.THEY PREFER TO WINTER ON FRESH WATER WETLANDS SUCH AS SWAMPS AND LAKES.THEY MAINLY EAT INSECTS AND SIMILAR SMALL PREY.
31 CMS.,ALSO KNOWN AS PEEWIT OR PEWIT ,GREEN PLOVER.IT HAS ROUNDED WINGS AND A CREST.IT IS THE SHORTEST- LEGGED OF THE LAPWINGS.IT IS MAINLY BLACK AND WHITE,BUT THE BACK IS TINTED GREEN.THE MALE HAS A LONG CREST AND A BLACK CROWN,THROAT AND BREAST CONTRASTING WITH AN OTHERWISE WHITE FACE.FEMALES AND YOUNG BIRDS HAVE SHORTER CRESTS, AND LESS STRONGLY MARKED HEADS,BUT THE PLUMAGES ARE OTHERWISE QUITE SIMILAR.IT FEEDS PRIMARILY ON INSECTS AND OTHER SMALL INVERTEBRATES PREFER TO FEED AT NIGHT WHEN THERE IS MOONLIGHT.FOUND NEAR JHEELS,MARSHES,GRASSY AREAS NEAR WATER,FIELDS,RIVER BANKS.
96CMS.,IT IS A LARGE BIRD .ITS PLUMAGE IS LARGELY GREY ABOVE ,AND OFF-WHITE BELOW.ADULTS HAVE A WHITE HEAD WITH A BROAD BLACK SUPERCILIUM AND SLENDER CREST ,WHILE IMMATURES HAVE A DULL GREY HEAD.IT HAS A POWERFUL PINKISH-YELLOW BILL,WHICH IS BRIGHTER IN BREEDING ADULTS.IT HAS A SLOW FLIGHT WITH LONG NECK RETRACTED(S-SHAPED).FOUND IN ALL KINDS OF LARGER OPEN INLAND AND COASTAL WATERS.IT FEEDS IN SHALLOW WATER ,CATCHING FISH,FROGS AND INSECTS WITH ITS LONG BILL.HERONS WILL ALSO TAKE SMALL MAMMALS AND REPTILES.THEY OCCASIONALLY TAKE BIRDS UPTO THE SIZE OF A WATER RAIL.
31TO35CMS LONG, INCLUDING 6 TO 9 CMSFORK IN THE TAIL.BREEDING ADULTS HAVE PALE GREY UPPER PARTS , VERY PALE GREY UNDER PARTS, BLACK CAP, ORANGE RED LEGS, AND A NARROW POINTED BILL THAT CAN BE MOSTLY RED WITH A BLACK TIP, OR ALL BLACK, DEPENDING ON THE SUBSPECIES. COMMON TERN’S UPPER WINGS ARE PALE GREY, BUT AS THE SUMMER WEARS ON , THE DARK FEATHER SHAFTS OF THE OUTER FLIGHT FEATHERS BECOME EXPOSED, AND A GREY WEDGE APPEARS ON THE WINGS.THE RUMP AND TAIL ARE WHITE, AND ON A STANDING BIRD THE LONG TAIL EXTENDS NO FURTHER THAN THE FOLDED WINGTIPS.IN NONBREEDING ADULTS THE FOREHEAD AND THE UNDERPARTS BECOME WHITE, THE BILL IS ALL BLACK OR BLACK WITH A RED BASE, AND THE LEGS ARE DARK RED OR BLACK.COMMON TERN FEEDS BY PLUNG DIVING FOR FISH FROM A HT. OF 1 TO 6 M, EITHER IN THE SEA OR IN FRESH WATER LAKES AND LARGE RIVERS. THEY MAY EAT LARGE INSECTS LIKE BEETLES AND MOTHS.THEY MAY EAT WORMS, LEECHES MOLLUSKS. ADULT INSECTS MAY BE CAUGHT IN THE AIR.
IT IS A FAIRLY LARGE DUCK. MALE IS 59 TO 76 CMS., FEMALE IS 51 TO 64 CMS., BREEDING PLUMAGED MALE HAS A CHOCOLATE BROWN HEAD AND WHITE BREAST WITH A WHITE STRIPE EXTENDING UP THE SIDE OF THE NECK.ITS UPPERPARTS AND SIDES ARE GREY, BUT ELONGATED GREY FEATHERS WITH BLACK CENTRAL STRIPES ARE DRAPED ACROSS THE BACK FROM THE SHOULDER AREA.VENT AREA IS YELLOW CONTRASTING WITH BLACK UNDERSIDE OF THE TAIL, WHICH HAS THE CENTRAL FEATHERS ELONGATED TO AS MUCH AS 10 CMS.BILL IS BLUISH AND LEGS ARE BLUE-GREY.ADULT FEMALE IS MAINLY SCALLOPED AND MOTTLED IN LIGHT BROWN WITH A MORE UNIFORMLY GREY BROWN HEAD, ITS POINTED TAIL IS SHORTER THAN MALE’S.IT HAS LONG NECK AND LONG GREY BILL. PINTAIL WALKS WELL ON LAND, AND SWIMS WELL.IT HAS A VERY FAST FLIGHT, WITH ITS WINGS SLIGHTLY SWEPT BACK.IT FEEDS BY DABBLING AND UPENDING IN SHALLOW WATER FOR PLANT FOOD MAINLY IN THE EVENING OR AT NIGHT.ITS LONG NECK ENABLES IT TO TAKE FOOD ITEMS FROM THE BOTTOM OF WATER BODIES UPTO 30 CMS. DEEP.IT ALSO FEEDS ON ROOTS , GRAINS AND OTHER SEEDS IN THE FIELDS.
IT IS A FAIRLY LARGE DUCK. MALE IS 59 TO 76 CMS., FEMALE IS 51 TO 64 CMS., BREEDING PLUMAGED MALE HAS A CHOCOLATE BROWN HEAD AND WHITE BREAST WITH A WHITE STRIPE EXTENDING UP THE SIDE OF THE NECK.ITS UPPERPARTS AND SIDES ARE GREY, BUT ELONGATED GREY FEATHERS WITH BLACK CENTRAL STRIPES ARE DRAPED ACROSS THE BACK FROM THE SHOULDER AREA.VENT AREA IS YELLOW CONTRASTING WITH BLACK UNDERSIDE OF THE TAIL, WHICH HAS THE CENTRAL FEATHERS ELONGATED TO AS MUCH AS 10 CMS.BILL IS BLUISH AND LEGS ARE BLUE-GREY.ADULT FEMALE IS MAINLY SCALLOPED AND MOTTLED IN LIGHT BROWN WITH A MORE UNIFORMLY GREY BROWN HEAD, ITS POINTED TAIL IS SHORTER THAN MALE’S.IT HAS LONG NECK AND LONG GREY BILL. PINTAIL WALKS WELL ON LAND, AND SWIMS WELL.IT HAS A VERY FAST FLIGHT, WITH ITS WINGS SLIGHTLY SWEPT BACK.IT FEEDS BY DABBLING AND UPENDING IN SHALLOW WATER FOR PLANT FOOD MAINLY IN THE EVENING OR AT NIGHT.ITS LONG NECK ENABLES IT TO TAKE FOOD ITEMS FROM THE BOTTOM OF WATER BODIES UPTO 30 CMS. DEEP.IT ALSO FEEDS ON ROOTS , GRAINS AND OTHER SEEDS IN THE FIELDS.
IT IS A FAIRLY LARGE DUCK. MALE IS 59 TO 76 CMS., FEMALE IS 51 TO 64 CMS., BREEDING PLUMAGED MALE HAS A CHOCOLATE BROWN HEAD AND WHITE BREAST WITH A WHITE STRIPE EXTENDING UP THE SIDE OF THE NECK.ITS UPPERPARTS AND SIDES ARE GREY, BUT ELONGATED GREY FEATHERS WITH BLACK CENTRAL STRIPES ARE DRAPED ACROSS THE BACK FROM THE SHOULDER AREA.VENT AREA IS YELLOW CONTRASTING WITH BLACK UNDERSIDE OF THE TAIL, WHICH HAS THE CENTRAL FEATHERS ELONGATED TO AS MUCH AS 10 CMS.BILL IS BLUISH AND LEGS ARE BLUE-GREY.ADULT FEMALE IS MAINLY SCALLOPED AND MOTTLED IN LIGHT BROWN WITH A MORE UNIFORMLY GREY BROWN HEAD, ITS POINTED TAIL IS SHORTER THAN MALE’S.IT HAS LONG NECK AND LONG GREY BILL. PINTAIL WALKS WELL ON LAND, AND SWIMS WELL.IT HAS A VERY FAST FLIGHT, WITH ITS WINGS SLIGHTLY SWEPT BACK.IT FEEDS BY DABBLING AND UPENDING IN SHALLOW WATER FOR PLANT FOOD MAINLY IN THE EVENING OR AT NIGHT.ITS LONG NECK ENABLES IT TO TAKE FOOD ITEMS FROM THE BOTTOM OF WATER BODIES UPTO 30 CMS. DEEP.IT ALSO FEEDS ON ROOTS , GRAINS AND OTHER SEEDS IN THE FIELDS.
THIS KINGFISHER IS ABOUT 17 CMS. LONG AND IS WHITE WITH A BLACK MASK,A WHITE SUPERCILIUM AND BLACK BREAST BANDS.THE CREST IS NEAT AND UPPERPARTS ARE BARRED IN BLACK.MALES HAVE A NARROW SECOND BREAST BAND WHILE FEMALES HAVE A SINGLE BROKEN BREAST BAND.WHEN PERCHED ,THEY OFTEN BOB THEIR HEAD AND FLICK UP THEIR TAIL.THEY FEED ON FISH,CRUSTACEANS,LARGE AQUATIC INSECTS SUCH AS DRAGONFLY LARVAE.IT USUALLY HUNTS BY HOVERING OVER THE WATER TO DETECT PREY AND DIVING VERTICALLY DOWN BILL-FIRST TO CAPTURE FISH.THEY CAN DEAL WITH PREY WITHOUT RETURNING TO PERCH ,OFTEN SWALLOWING SMALL PREY IN FLIGHT AND SO CAN HUNT OVER LARGE WATER BODIES AND ESTUARIES THAT LACK PERCHES THAT ARE REQUIRED BY OTHER KINGFISHERS.
THIS KINGFISHER IS ABOUT 17 CMS. LONG AND IS WHITE WITH A BLACK MASK,A WHITE SUPERCILIUM AND BLACK BREAST BANDS.THE CREST IS NEAT AND UPPERPARTS ARE BARRED IN BLACK.MALES HAVE A NARROW SECOND BREAST BAND WHILE FEMALES HAVE A SINGLE BROKEN BREAST BAND.WHEN PERCHED ,THEY OFTEN BOB THEIR HEAD AND FLICK UP THEIR TAIL.THEY FEED ON FISH,CRUSTACEANS,LARGE AQUATIC INSECTS SUCH AS DRAGONFLY LARVAE.IT USUALLY HUNTS BY HOVERING OVER THE WATER TO DETECT PREY AND DIVING VERTICALLY DOWN BILL-FIRST TO CAPTURE FISH.THEY CAN DEAL WITH PREY WITHOUT RETURNING TO PERCH ,OFTEN SWALLOWING SMALL PREY IN FLIGHT AND SO CAN HUNT OVER LARGE WATER BODIES AND ESTUARIES THAT LACK PERCHES THAT ARE REQUIRED BY OTHER KINGFISHERS.
17 CMS.,DIFFERENTIATED FROM SAND PLOVERS BY WHITE COLLAR.ADULTS HAVE A GREY-BROWN BACK AND WINGS,A WHITE BELLY,AND A WHITE BREAST WITH ONE BLACK NECKBAND.THEY HAVE A BROWN CAP,WHITE FOREHEAD,A BLACK MASK AROUND THE EYES WITH WHITE ABOVE AND A SHORT DARK BILL.THE LEGS ARE FLESH COLOURED AND THE TOES ARE ALL WEBBED.FOUND NEAR SHINGLE SHORES AND MUDBANKS OF LAKES,RIVERS,POOLS,COASTS ETC.
18CMS.,IT IS A SMALL BROWN BIRD AND HAS A SHORT TAIL WITH WITH LIGHT BROWN OUTER FEATHERS.CREST USUALLY OBVIOUS,LONG AND POINTED AND IS USUALLY MORE PRONOUNCED DURING TERRITORIAL AND COURTSHIP DISPLAYS AND WHEN SINGING.IN FLIGHT IT SHOWS REDDISH UNDERWINGS .MAINLY SEEN IN LOWLANDS UPTO 2400 METRES,DRY OPEN COUNTRY,OFTEN SEEN BY THE ROADSIDES OR IN THE CEREAL FIELDS,OCCUPIES SMALL SANDY PATCHES BY RAILWAYS,DOCKS AND AIRFIELDS, SANDY DESERTS AND SEMI-DESERT,VICINITY OF CULTIVATION,DRY COASTAL MUDFLATS.SOLITARY OR SCATTERED INDIVIDUALS.FEED ON GRAINS AND SEEDS BUT ALSO EAT INSECTS PARTICULARLY BEATLES.
18CMS.,IT IS A SMALL BROWN BIRD AND HAS A SHORT TAIL WITH WITH LIGHT BROWN OUTER FEATHERS.CREST USUALLY OBVIOUS,LONG AND POINTED AND IS USUALLY MORE PRONOUNCED DURING TERRITORIAL AND COURTSHIP DISPLAYS AND WHEN SINGING.IN FLIGHT IT SHOWS REDDISH UNDERWINGS .MAINLY SEEN IN LOWLANDS UPTO 2400 METRES,DRY OPEN COUNTRY,OFTEN SEEN BY THE ROADSIDES OR IN THE CEREAL FIELDS,OCCUPIES SMALL SANDY PATCHES BY RAILWAYS,DOCKS AND AIRFIELDS, SANDY DESERTS AND SEMI-DESERT,VICINITY OF CULTIVATION,DRY COASTAL MUDFLATS.SOLITARY OR SCATTERED INDIVIDUALS.FEED ON GRAINS AND SEEDS BUT ALSO EAT INSECTS PARTICULARLY BEATLES.
BLACK-WINGED STILT,COMMON STILT OR PIED STILT IS 33 TO 36 CMS. LONG.THEY HAVE LONG PINK LEGS,A LONG THIN BLACK BILL,AND ARE BLACKISH ABOVE AND WHITE BELOW,WITH A WHITE HEAD AND NECK WITH A VARYING AMOUNT OF BLACK.MALES HAVE A BLACK BACK,OFTEN WITH GREENISH GLOSS.FEMALES’ BACKS HAVE A BROWN HUE,CONTRASTING WITH BLACK REMIGES.MALES OFTEN HAVE MUCH BLACK PARTICULARLY IN SUMMERS,WHILE FEMALES TEND TO HAVE LESS BLACK ON HEAD AND NECK ALL YEAR AROUND.MALES MAY ALSO GET ALL WHITE HEADS IN WINTERS.THESE BIRDS PICK UP THEIR FOOD FROM SANDS OR WATER.THEY MAINLY EAT INSECTS OR CRUSTACEANS.
33CMS.A FAIRLY DISTINCTIVE SMALL RAPTOR WITH POINTED WINGS. COULD BE MISTAKEN FOR A HARRIER ,BUT NOTE THE BLACK SHOULDER.COMMONLY HOVERS WHEN SEARCHING FOR PREY ,A HABIT NOT USUALLY SHARED BY THE HARRIERS WHICH ARE MUCH LARGER,SLIMMER AND LONGER-WINGED.GENERALLY SEEN IN DRIER OPEN COUNTRY OF THE LOWLANDS,IN URBAN AREAS FOUND ON THE EDGE OF THE TOWNS OR WASTE LANDS,PREFER OPEN AREAS WITH SCATTERED CLUMPS OF TREES,INCLUDING TREE LINED WATERCOURSES.ADULTS ARE A VERY PALE GREY WITH A WHITE HEAD AND WHITE UNDERPARTS.THE LEADING EDGE OF THE INNER WING IS BLACK.WHEN PERCHED, THIS GIVES THEM THEIR PROMINENT BLACK ‘SHOULDERS’.THEY HAVE RED EYES, WITH BLACK COMMA THAT EXTENDS BEHIND THE EYES.THEY HAVE A SQUARED TAIL AND A STREAMLINED AERODYNAMIC BODY. BILL IS SHORT WITH A SHARP HOOKED TIP TO THE UPPER MANDIBLE.BILL IS BLACK AND NOSTRILS , SKIN AT BASE OF BILL ARE BRIGHT YELLOW.LIVE ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY ON MICE,ON AVAILABILITY THEY CAN TAKE GRASSHOPPERS, RATS,SMALL REPTILES,BIRDS AND EVEN VERY RARELY RABBITS.
16CMS.,MALE IS MAINLY BLACK WITH A WHITE SHOULDER PATCH OR A STRIPE ,WHOSE VISIBLE EXTENT CAN VARY WITH POSTURE. UNDERPARTS ARE GREY BROWN ,IT HAS CHEST-NUT VENT AND ROFOUS-TINGED EAR COVERTS..NORTHERN POPULATIONS HAVE UPPER PLUMAGE BROWNISH WHILE SOUTHERN POPULATIONS ARE BLACK ABOVE.FEMALES ARE BROWNISH ABOVE ,HAVE NO WHITE SHOULDER STRIPE AND ARE GREYISH BELOW WITH THE VENT A PALER SHADE OF CHESTNUT THAN THE MALES. THIS BIRD IS FOUND IN OPEN STONY,GRASSY AND SCRUB FOREST HABITATS.THEY ARE MAINLY FOUND IN DRY HABITATS AND ARE MOSTLY ABSENT FROM THE THICKER FOREST REGIONS AND HIGH RAINFALL AREAS.THEY FEED MOSTLY ON INSECTS BUT ARE KNOWN TO TAKE FROGS AND LIZARDS ESPECIALLY WHEN FEEDING YOUNG AT THE NEST.
GREAT TIT IS A LARGE FOR A TIT AT 12.5 TO 14 CMS.IN LENGTH,AND HAS A DISTINCTIVE APPEARANCE THAT MAKES IT EASY TO RECOGNISE.IT HAS A BLUISH- BLACK CROWN,BLACK NECK ,THROAT,BIB AND HEAD AND WHITE CHEEKS AND EAR COVERTS.THE BREAST IS BRIGHT LEMON-YELLOW AND THERE IS A BROAD BLACK MIDLINE STRIPE RUNNING FROM BIB TO VENT.THERE IS A DULL WHITE SPOT ON THE NECK TURNING TO GREENISH YELLOW ON THE UPPER NAPE.THE REST OF THE NAPE AND BACK ARE GREEN TINGED WITH OLIVE.THE WING COVERTS ARE GREEN,THE REST OF THE WING IS BLUISH- GREY WITH WHITE WING-BAR.THE TAIL IS BLUISH-GREY WITH WHITE OUTER TIPS.COMMONLY FOUND IN OPEN DECIDUOUS WOODLAND,MIXED FORESTS AND FOREST EDGES.IN DENSE FORESTS LIKE CONIFER FORESTS IT IS FOUND USUALLY FOUND IN FOREST CLEARINGS.FEEDS ON INSECTS AND SPIDERS,GRASSHOPPERS,CRICKETS,COCKROACHES,ANTS,FLIES.IN AUTUMN AND WINTERS GREAT TITS ADD BERRIES AND SEEDS TO THEIR DIET.
GREAT TIT IS A LARGE FOR A TIT AT 12.5 TO 14 CMS.IN LENGTH,AND HAS A DISTINCTIVE APPEARANCE THAT MAKES IT EASY TO RECOGNISE.IT HAS A BLUISH- BLACK CROWN,BLACK NECK ,THROAT,BIB AND HEAD AND WHITE CHEEKS AND EAR COVERTS.THE BREAST IS BRIGHT LEMON-YELLOW AND THERE IS A BROAD BLACK MIDLINE STRIPE RUNNING FROM BIB TO VENT.THERE IS A DULL WHITE SPOT ON THE NECK TURNING TO GREENISH YELLOW ON THE UPPER NAPE.THE REST OF THE NAPE AND BACK ARE GREEN TINGED WITH OLIVE.THE WING COVERTS ARE GREEN,THE REST OF THE WING IS BLUISH- GREY WITH WHITE WING-BAR.THE TAIL IS BLUISH-GREY WITH WHITE OUTER TIPS.COMMONLY FOUND IN OPEN DECIDUOUS WOODLAND,MIXED FORESTS AND FOREST EDGES.IN DENSE FORESTS LIKE CONIFER FORESTS IT IS FOUND USUALLY FOUND IN FOREST CLEARINGS.FEEDS ON INSECTS AND SPIDERS,GRASSHOPPERS,CRICKETS,COCKROACHES,ANTS,FLIES.IN AUTUMN AND WINTERS GREAT TITS ADD BERRIES AND SEEDS TO THEIR DIET.
THE BIRD IS SMALL 8 TO 9 CMS. LONG WITH YELLOWISH -OLIVE UPPERPARTS,A WHITE EYE-RING,YELLOW THROAT AND VENT.THE BELLY IS WHITISH GREY BUT MAY HAVE YELLOW IN SOME SUBSPECIES.THE SEXES LOOK SIMILAR.THE SPECIES IS FOUND IN A WIDE RANGE OF HABITATS FROM SCRUB TO MOIST FORESTS.THOUGH MAINLY INSECTIVOROUS ,THE ORIENTAL WHITE EYE WILL ALSO EAT NECTAR AND FRUITS OF VARIOUS KINDS .THEY HAVE BEEN OBSERVED BATHING IN DEW ACCUMMULATED ON LEAVES.THEIR PREDATORS INCLUDE BATS AND BIRDS SUCH AS THE WHITE THROATED KINGFISHER.
THE BIRD IS SMALL 8 TO 9 CMS. LONG WITH YELLOWISH -OLIVE UPPERPARTS,A WHITE EYE-RING,YELLOW THROAT AND VENT.THE BELLY IS WHITISH GREY BUT MAY HAVE YELLOW IN SOME SUBSPECIES.THE SEXES LOOK SIMILAR.THE SPECIES IS FOUND IN A WIDE RANGE OF HABITATS FROM SCRUB TO MOIST FORESTS.THOUGH MAINLY INSECTIVOROUS ,THE ORIENTAL WHITE EYE WILL ALSO EAT NECTAR AND FRUITS OF VARIOUS KINDS .THEY HAVE BEEN OBSERVED BATHING IN DEW ACCUMMULATED ON LEAVES.THEIR PREDATORS INCLUDE BATS AND BIRDS SUCH AS THE WHITE THROATED KINGFISHER.
THE BIRD IS SMALL 8 TO 9 CMS. LONG WITH YELLOWISH -OLIVE UPPERPARTS,A WHITE EYE-RING,YELLOW THROAT AND VENT.THE BELLY IS WHITISH GREY BUT MAY HAVE YELLOW IN SOME SUBSPECIES.THE SEXES LOOK SIMILAR.THE SPECIES IS FOUND IN A WIDE RANGE OF HABITATS FROM SCRUB TO MOIST FORESTS.THOUGH MAINLY INSECTIVOROUS ,THE ORIENTAL WHITE EYE WILL ALSO EAT NECTAR AND FRUITS OF VARIOUS KINDS .THEY HAVE BEEN OBSERVED BATHING IN DEW ACCUMMULATED ON LEAVES.THEIR PREDATORS INCLUDE BATS AND BIRDS SUCH AS THE WHITE THROATED KINGFISHER.
50 CMS.,THE SEXES ARE ALIKE AND THE MAIN COLOUR OF THE BODY IS CINNAMON WITH A BLACK HEAD AND THE LONG GRADUATED TAIL IS BLUISH GREY AND IS TIPPED IN BLACK.THE WING HAS A WHITE PATCH.THE ONLY CONFUSABLE SPECIES IS GREY TREEPIE WHICH HOWEVER LACKS THE BRIGHT RUFOUS MANTLE.THE BILL IS STOUT WITH A HOOKED TIP.THE UNDERPARTS AND THE LOWER BACK ARE A WARM TAWNY BROWN TO ORANGE BROWN IN COLOUR WITH WHITE WING COVERTS AND BLACK PRIMARIES.THE BILL,LEGS AND FEET ARE BLACK.THE RUFOUS TREEPIE IS AN ARBOREAL OMNIVORE FEEDING ALMOST COMPLETELY IN TREES ON FRUITS,SEEDS,INVERTEBRATES,SMALL REPTILES AND THE EGGS AND YOUNG OF THE BIRDS.IT HAS ALSO BEEN KNOWN TO TAKE FLESH FROM RECENTLY KILLED CARCASSES.IT IS AN AGILE FORAGER,CLINGING AND CLAMBERING THROUGH THE BRANCHES AND SOMETIMES JOINING MIXED HUNTING PARTIES ALONG WITH SPECIES SUCH AS DRONGOS AND BABBLERS.FOUND IN WELL-WOODED AREAS,OPEN FORESTS,PARKS ETC.,SOCIABLE.
15CMS.,DARK ALMOST UNSTREAKED UPPERPARTS SEPARATE FEMALE FROM OTHER FEMALE BUSHCHATS EXCEPT JERDON’S BUSHCHAT WHICH LACKS SUPERCILIUM AND PIED BUSHCHAT WHICH HAS RUFOUS BROWN UNDERPARTS.FOUND IN OPEN SCRUBBY SLOPES,FOREST EDGE,BARBERRY,JUNIPER,CULTIVATION,SCRUBBY HILLSIDES,SECOND GROWTH,GRASSLAND WITH BUSHES,TEA GARDENS.
15 CMS.,MALES WITH GREY CROWN,NAPE,BACK AND MANTLE,BLACK THROAT AND MASK,ORANGE BREAST AND RUMP.FEMALE WITH ORANGE RUMP.IT HAS A STRONG DARK BEAK AND LONG WINGS.FOUND IN MAINLY LOWLANDS,OPEN FOREST,SEMI DESERT,THORN FOREST,SCRUB,GROVES,GARDENS.MINIVET CATCHES INSECTS IN TREES BY FLYCATCHING OR WHILE PERCHED.
31TO35CMS LONG, INCLUDING 6 TO 9 CMSFORK IN THE TAIL.BREEDING ADULTS HAVE PALE GREY UPPER PARTS , VERY PALE GREY UNDER PARTS, BLACK CAP, ORANGE RED LEGS, AND A NARROW POINTED BILL THAT CAN BE MOSTLY RED WITH A BLACK TIP, OR ALL BLACK, DEPENDING ON THE SUBSPECIES. COMMON TERN’S UPPER WINGS ARE PALE GREY, BUT AS THE SUMMER WEARS ON , THE DARK FEATHER SHAFTS OF THE OUTER FLIGHT FEATHERS BECOME EXPOSED, AND A GREY WEDGE APPEARS ON THE WINGS.THE RUMP AND TAIL ARE WHITE, AND ON A STANDING BIRD THE LONG TAIL EXTENDS NO FURTHER THAN THE FOLDED WINGTIPS.IN NONBREEDING ADULTS THE FOREHEAD AND THE UNDERPARTS BECOME WHITE, THE BILL IS ALL BLACK OR BLACK WITH A RED BASE, AND THE LEGS ARE DARK RED OR BLACK.COMMON TERN FEEDS BY PLUNG DIVING FOR FISH FROM A HT. OF 1 TO 6 M, EITHER IN THE SEA OR IN FRESH WATER LAKES AND LARGE RIVERS. THEY MAY EAT LARGE INSECTS LIKE BEETLES AND MOTHS.THEY MAY EAT WORMS, LEECHES MOLLUSKS. ADULT INSECTS MAY BE CAUGHT IN THE AIR.
17CMS.,NOT UNLIKE FEMALE OF INDIAN ROBIN BUT UNDERPARTS RUFOUS BROWN AND LACKS CHESTNUT ON THE VENT.IT IS UNIFORMELY RUFOUS BROWN WITH THE WINGS AND THE TAIL OF SLIGHTLY DARKER SHADE.THE BROWN ON THE UNDERSIDES GRADES INTO A DARK GREY-BROWN VENT.FOUND IN ROCKY AREAS,QUARRIES,RUINS,OLD FORTS.WHEN FEEDING ON THE GROUND IT SOMETIMES FLICKS OPEN ITS WINGS AND TAIL.IT HAS A HABIT OF SLOWLY RAISING ITS TAIL SLIGHTLY,FANNING IT AND BOBBING ITS HEAD.THEY FEED MAINLY ON INSECTS ,PICKED OFF THE GROUND.THEY USUALLY FORAGE ON INSECTS ATTRACTED TO ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING.SEXES ARE INDISTINGUISHABLE IN THE FIELD.
50 CMS.,THE SEXES ARE ALIKE AND THE MAIN COLOUR OF THE BODY IS CINNAMON WITH A BLACK HEAD AND THE LONG GRADUATED TAIL IS BLUISH GREY AND IS TIPPED IN BLACK.THE WING HAS A WHITE PATCH.THE ONLY CONFUSABLE SPECIES IS GREY TREEPIE WHICH HOWEVER LACKS THE BRIGHT RUFOUS MANTLE.THE BILL IS STOUT WITH A HOOKED TIP.THE UNDERPARTS AND THE LOWER BACK ARE A WARM TAWNY BROWN TO ORANGE BROWN IN COLOUR WITH WHITE WING COVERTS AND BLACK PRIMARIES.THE BILL,LEGS AND FEET ARE BLACK.THE RUFOUS TREEPIE IS AN ARBOREAL OMNIVORE FEEDING ALMOST COMPLETELY IN TREES ON FRUITS,SEEDS,INVERTEBRATES,SMALL REPTILES AND THE EGGS AND YOUNG OF THE BIRDS.IT HAS ALSO BEEN KNOWN TO TAKE FLESH FROM RECENTLY KILLED CARCASSES.IT IS AN AGILE FORAGER,CLINGING AND CLAMBERING THROUGH THE BRANCHES AND SOMETIMES JOINING MIXED HUNTING PARTIES ALONG WITH SPECIES SUCH AS DRONGOS AND BABBLERS.FOUND IN WELL-WOODED AREAS,OPEN FORESTS,PARKS ETC.,SOCIABLE.
64 CMS.,ALSO CALLED WHITE SCAVENGER VULTURE OR PHARAOH’S CHICKEN .QUITE DISTINCTIVE LOOKING-RATHER HANDSOME IN FLIGHT BUT SOMEWHAT SCRUFFY WHEN SEEN PERCHED.ADULT’S PLUMAGE IS WHITE,WITH BLACK FLIGHT FEATHERS IN THE WINGS.WILD BIRDS USUALLY APPEAR SOILED WITH A RUSTY OR BROWN SHADE TO THE WHITE PLUMAGE,DERIVED FROM MUD OR IRON RICH SOIL.THE BILL IS SLENDER AND LONG , AND THE TIP OF UPPER MANDIBLE IS HOOKED.THE NOSTRIL IS THE ELONGATED HORIZONTAL SLIT.THE NECK FEATHERS ARE LONG AND FORM A HACKLE.THE WINGS ARE POINTED,WITH THIRD PRIMARY BEING THE LONGEST;THE TAIL IS WEDGE SHAPED.THE LEGS ARE PINK IN ADULTS.THE CLAWS ARE LONG AND STRAIGHT.THE BILL IS PALE OR YELLOWISH IN ADULTS.THE FACIAL SKIN IS YELLOW AND UNFEATHERED DOWN TO THE THROAT.YOUNG BIRDS ARE BLACKISH OR CHOCOLATE BROWN WITH BLACK AND WHITE PATCHES.THEY FEED ON A RANGE OF FOOD ,INCLUDING MAMMAL FAECES INCLUDING HUMAN FAECES ,INSECTS IN THE DUNG,CARRION, VEGETABLE MATTER AND SOMETIMES SMALL ANIMALS.
27 CMS.,ALSO CALLED LARGE GREEN BARBET.IT IS A PLUMP BIRD,WITH A SHORT NECK,LARGE HEAD AND SHORT TAIL.IT HAS A STREAKED BROWN HEAD,NECK AND BREAST,WITH A YELLOW EYE PATCH.REST OF THE PLUMAGE IS GREEN.THE BILL IS THICK AND RED.SEXES ARE SIMILAR.IT IS AN ARBOREAL SPECIES OF GARDENS AND WOODED COUNTRY WHICH EATS FRUITS AND INSECTS.IT IS FAIRLY TOLERANT OF HUMANS AND IS OFTEN SEEN IN CITIES,IN GREENERY.THE BIRD IS LARGELY FRUGIVOROUS ON MANGOES,RIPE JACK,PAPYA,BANANA,FIGS AND SIMILAR CULTIVATED FRUIT TREES.
27 CMS.,ALSO CALLED LARGE GREEN BARBET.IT IS A PLUMP BIRD,WITH A SHORT NECK,LARGE HEAD AND SHORT TAIL.IT HAS A STREAKED BROWN HEAD,NECK AND BREAST,WITH A YELLOW EYE PATCH.REST OF THE PLUMAGE IS GREEN.THE BILL IS THICK AND RED.SEXES ARE SIMILAR.IT IS AN ARBOREAL SPECIES OF GARDENS AND WOODED COUNTRY WHICH EATS FRUITS AND INSECTS.IT IS FAIRLY TOLERANT OF HUMANS AND IS OFTEN SEEN IN CITIES,IN GREENERY.THE BIRD IS LARGELY FRUGIVOROUS ON MANGOES,RIPE JACK,PAPYA,BANANA,FIGS AND SIMILAR CULTIVATED FRUIT TREES.
20CMS.,FOUND AT 1800 TO 3000 METRES IN SUMMERS,IN WINTERS FOUND AT 1000 TO 1800 METRES.FOUND IN SCRUB,BUSHES,UNDERGROWTH AND GARDENS.THEY ARE MEDIUM SIZED LANDBIRDS.THESE BIRDS HAVE STRONG LEGS AND ARE QUITE TERRESTRIAL.THIS GROUP IS NOT STRONGLY MIGRATORY AND MOST SPECIES HAVE SHORT ROUNDED WINGS AND A WEAK FLIGHT.
15 CMS.,MALE IS LIKE MALE OF VIVID NILTAVA BUT ENTIRE RHROAT IS BLUE.FEMALE IS DIFFERENT FROM VIVID NILTAVA BY WHITE GORGET,BLUE PATCH AT SIDE OF NECK.SEEN AT HEIGHT OF 900 TO 3200 METRES IN SUMMERS, AT LESS THAN 2300 METRES IN WINTERS. FOUND IN FOREST UNDERGROWTH/LOWER STOREY,DAMP OVERGROWN GULLIES,SECOND GROWTH.
12 CMS.,IT IS SMALL SIZED WITH SHORT TAIL.FOUND AT 1800 TO 3300 METRES IN SUMMERS AND AT 900 TO 2000 METRES IN WINTERS.FOUND NEAR ROCKY MOUNTAIN TORRENTS, ALSO NEAR SLOWER WATERS IN WINTERS.THESE ARE SMALL INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS.ADULT MALES AND FEMALES HAVE BLACK-BLUISH TINGED HEAD (EXCEPT THE FOREHEAD),NECK,CRAW AND BACK.THE WINGS ARE BLACK BROWN WITH THEBROAD WHITE ACROSS BAND.THE FOREHEAD;BAND ACROSS THE BACK;BREAST AND ABDOMEN ARE WHITE.THE TAIL IS DICHROMATIC.THE TWO CENTRAL PAIRS OF THE TAIL FEATHERS ARE BLACK BROWN WITH WHITE BASES;THE OUTER PAIR IS ALL WHITE;THE OTHER TAIL FEATHERS ARE WHITE WITH DARK TERMINAL SPOTS,LESS ON THE OUTER FEATHERS AND LARGER ON THE FEATHERS CLOSER TO CENTRE.THE LEGS ARE PINKISH WHITE ,ALMOST WHITE.THE BILL IS BLACK.THE EYES ARE DARK BROWN.JUVENILES HAVE BROWNISH BLACK UPPERPARTS EXCEPT THE BROAD WHITE BAND ACROSS THE BACK AND THE WINGS;AND WHITISH UPPER TAIL.THE UNDERPARTS ARE WHITE WITH BLACKISH GREY BORDERS ON THE TIPS OF THE FEATHERS OF THE CRAW AND THE BREAST.
12 CMS.,IT IS SMALL SIZED WITH SHORT TAIL.FOUND AT 1800 TO 3300 METRES IN SUMMERS AND AT 900 TO 2000 METRES IN WINTERS.FOUND NEAR ROCKY MOUNTAIN TORRENTS, ALSO NEAR SLOWER WATERS IN WINTERS.THESE ARE SMALL INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS.ADULT MALES AND FEMALES HAVE BLACK-BLUISH TINGED HEAD (EXCEPT THE FOREHEAD),NECK,CRAW AND BACK.THE WINGS ARE BLACK BROWN WITH THEBROAD WHITE ACROSS BAND.THE FOREHEAD;BAND ACROSS THE BACK;BREAST AND ABDOMEN ARE WHITE.THE TAIL IS DICHROMATIC.THE TWO CENTRAL PAIRS OF THE TAIL FEATHERS ARE BLACK BROWN WITH WHITE BASES;THE OUTER PAIR IS ALL WHITE;THE OTHER TAIL FEATHERS ARE WHITE WITH DARK TERMINAL SPOTS,LESS ON THE OUTER FEATHERS AND LARGER ON THE FEATHERS CLOSER TO CENTRE.THE LEGS ARE PINKISH WHITE ,ALMOST WHITE.THE BILL IS BLACK.THE EYES ARE DARK BROWN.JUVENILES HAVE BROWNISH BLACK UPPERPARTS EXCEPT THE BROAD WHITE BAND ACROSS THE BACK AND THE WINGS;AND WHITISH UPPER TAIL.THE UNDERPARTS ARE WHITE WITH BLACKISH GREY BORDERS ON THE TIPS OF THE FEATHERS OF THE CRAW AND THE BREAST.
12 CMS.,IT IS SMALL SIZED WITH SHORT TAIL.FOUND AT 1800 TO 3300 METRES IN SUMMERS AND AT 900 TO 2000 METRES IN WINTERS.FOUND NEAR ROCKY MOUNTAIN TORRENTS, ALSO NEAR SLOWER WATERS IN WINTERS.THESE ARE SMALL INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS.ADULT MALES AND FEMALES HAVE BLACK-BLUISH TINGED HEAD (EXCEPT THE FOREHEAD),NECK,CRAW AND BACK.THE WINGS ARE BLACK BROWN WITH THEBROAD WHITE ACROSS BAND.THE FOREHEAD;BAND ACROSS THE BACK;BREAST AND ABDOMEN ARE WHITE.THE TAIL IS DICHROMATIC.THE TWO CENTRAL PAIRS OF THE TAIL FEATHERS ARE BLACK BROWN WITH WHITE BASES;THE OUTER PAIR IS ALL WHITE;THE OTHER TAIL FEATHERS ARE WHITE WITH DARK TERMINAL SPOTS,LESS ON THE OUTER FEATHERS AND LARGER ON THE FEATHERS CLOSER TO CENTRE.THE LEGS ARE PINKISH WHITE ,ALMOST WHITE.THE BILL IS BLACK.THE EYES ARE DARK BROWN.JUVENILES HAVE BROWNISH BLACK UPPERPARTS EXCEPT THE BROAD WHITE BAND ACROSS THE BACK AND THE WINGS;AND WHITISH UPPER TAIL.THE UNDERPARTS ARE WHITE WITH BLACKISH GREY BORDERS ON THE TIPS OF THE FEATHERS OF THE CRAW AND THE BREAST.
14CMS.,FOUND IN NORTHERN REGIONS OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT,PRIMARILY IN MID-ALTITUDES OF THE HIMALAYAS,HAS DISTINCTIVE HEAD PATTERN ,JUVENILE CAN BE DIFFERENTIATED FROM BLACK-HEADED GREENFINCH BY PALE SUPERCILIUM,YELLOW ON UNDERPARTS AND SIDES OF NECK,FOUND AT 1800 TO 4400 MTS. IN SUMMERS AND AT 900 TO 1500 MTS. IN WINTER.FOUND IN FORESTS,FOREST EDGE,GARDENS AND SCRUB.FLOCKS IN WINTER.
15CMS.,DARK ALMOST UNSTREAKED UPPERPARTS SEPARATE FEMALE FROM OTHER FEMALE BUSHCHATS EXCEPT JERDON’S BUSHCHAT WHICH LACKS SUPERCILIUM AND PIED BUSHCHAT WHICH HAS RUFOUS BROWN UNDERPARTS.FOUND IN OPEN SCRUBBY SLOPES,FOREST EDGE,BARBERRY,JUNIPER,CULTIVATION,SCRUBBY HILLSIDES,SECOND GROWTH,GRASSLAND WITH BUSHES,TEA GARDENS.
15CMS.,DARK ALMOST UNSTREAKED UPPERPARTS SEPARATE FEMALE FROM OTHER FEMALE BUSHCHATS EXCEPT JERDON’S BUSHCHAT WHICH LACKS SUPERCILIUM AND PIED BUSHCHAT WHICH HAS RUFOUS BROWN UNDERPARTS.FOUND IN OPEN SCRUBBY SLOPES,FOREST EDGE,BARBERRY,JUNIPER,CULTIVATION,SCRUBBY HILLSIDES,SECOND GROWTH,GRASSLAND WITH BUSHES,TEA GARDENS.
15CMS.,ENTIRELY BLACK ABOVE WHITE BELOW.FEMALE PLAIN BROWN ABOVE,SLIGHTLY MORE RUFOUS ON THE RUMP;WHITE THROAT AND BREAST MERGE WITH BUFFY BELLY AND VENT.RELATIVELY SHY.SEEN IN RIVERINE FLOODPLAINS,TALL GRASS,REEDS AND BUSHES.
12CMS.,SIMILAR TO HOUSE SPARROW BUT SMALLER AND SLIMMER.MALE HAS GREY CROWN,HIND-NAPE AND SIDES OF NECK;SMALLER,NEATER BLACK BIB;CHESTNUT- BROWN LINE AROUND EAR COVERTS;REDDISH-BROWN RUMP.FEMALE HAS LONGER,WELL DEFINED PALE SUPERCILIUM;GREYER CROWN AND EAR COVERTS;WHITE UNDERPARTS.FOUND NEAR SHISHAM,ACACIAS,SCRUB AND GRASS-LAND IN VICINITY OF WATER IN INDUS FLOODPLAINS.FEEDS MAINLY ON SEEDS OF GRASSES,AND OTHER PLANTS.
25 CMS.LACKS BLACK BEHIND EYE, FOUND IN OPEN WOODED COUNTRY,PLANTATIONS,OPEN BROADLEAF FORESTS,ORCHARDS,LARGE GARDENS, GROVES,IT IS A VAGRANT BIRD, MALE IS STRIKING IN TYPICAL ORIOLE BLACK AND YELLOW PLUMAGE ,FEMALE IS A DRABBER GREEN BIRD.ORIOLES ARE SHY BIRDS SO DIFFICULT TO SEE IN DAPPLED YELLOW AND GREEN LEAVES OF CANOPY. THEY FEED ON INSECTS AND FRUITS.MAINLY FOUND IN NORTH WESTERN INDIA.
46 CMS.,ALSO CALLED AS PADDY-BIRD,THEY APPEAR STOCKY WITH A SHORT NECK,SHORT THICK BILL,AND BUFF BROWN BACK.IN SUMMER ADULTS HAVE LONG NECK FEATHERS.BREEDING INDIAN POND HERON CAN BE DIFFERENTIATED FROM BREEDING CHINESE POND HERON BY DEEP MAROON BACK WITH PALE BROWNISH -YELLOW HEAD,NECK AND BREAST.NON-BREEDING BIRD IS INCONSPICUOUS DULL EARTHY-BROWN BIRD THAT SUDDENLY BECOMES STARTINGLY OBVIOUS WHEN IT SPREADS ITS WHITE WINGS IN FLIGHT;INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM NONBREEDING CHINESE POND HERON.FOUND IN ALL KINDS OF SHALLOW WETLANDS,BOTH LARGE AND SMALL.BREEDS AND ROOSTS COLONIALLY;FEEDS ALONE.THE PRIMARY FOOD OF THESE BIRDS INCLUDES CRUSTACEANS,AQUATIC INSECTS,FISHES,TADPOLES AND SOMETIMES LEECHES.THEY ALSO FEED ON CRICKETS,DRAGON FLIES,AND BEES.
63CMS.,DISTINCTLY SMALLER THAN GREAT CORMORANT.HARD TO SEPARATE FROM LITTLE CORMORANT ON SIZE UNLESS SEEN TOGETHER BUT NOTE THE LONG SLENDER BILL(AND SHALLOW FOREHEAD).BREEDING BIRD IS DISTINGUISHED BY WHITE TUFT BEHIND EAR COVERTS,PURPLISH BLACK GULAR SKIN,GREENISH-BRONZE SHEEN TO UPPERPARTS,AND EMERALD-GREEN EYES.NONBREEDING HAS YELLOW GULAR SKIN NOT USUALLY EXTENDING TO EYE.FOUND NEAR LAKES,RIVERS,JHEELS,CREEKS ETC.INDIAN CORMORANT MAKES SHORT DIVES TO CAPTURE FISH AND A GROUP WILL OFTEN FISH COMMUNALLY,FORMING A BROAD FRONT TO DRIVE FISH IN TO A CORNER.
48 CMS.,THE COMMONEST AND MOST WIDESPREAD COUCAL.THE HEAD IS BLACK,UPPER MANTLE AND UNDERSIDE ARE BLACK GLOSSED WITH PURPLE .BACK AND WINGS ARE CHESTNUT BROWN.THERE ARE NO PALE SHAFT STREAKS ON THE COVERTS.THE EYES ARE RUBY RED. JUVENILES ARE DULLER BLACK WITH SPOTS ON THE CROWN AND THERE ARE WHITISH BARS ON THE UNDERSIDE AND TAIL.THEY FEED ON INSECTS,CATERPILLARS,AND SMALL VERTEBRATES SUCH AS SAW SCALED VIPERS.THEY ALSO EAT BIRD EGGS,NESTLINGS,FRUITS AND SEEDS.FOUND IN OVERGROWN AND TANGLED SHRUBBERY INLIGHT FOREST,FOREST EDGE,GARDENS,CULTIVATION,TALL GRASSLANDS.
48 CMS.,THE COMMONEST AND MOST WIDESPREAD COUCAL.THE HEAD IS BLACK,UPPER MANTLE AND UNDERSIDE ARE BLACK GLOSSED WITH PURPLE .BACK AND WINGS ARE CHESTNUT BROWN.THERE ARE NO PALE SHAFT STREAKS ON THE COVERTS.THE EYES ARE RUBY RED. JUVENILES ARE DULLER BLACK WITH SPOTS ON THE CROWN AND THERE ARE WHITISH BARS ON THE UNDERSIDE AND TAIL.THEY FEED ON INSECTS,CATERPILLARS,AND SMALL VERTEBRATES SUCH AS SAW SCALED VIPERS.THEY ALSO EAT BIRD EGGS,NESTLINGS,FRUITS AND SEEDS.FOUND IN OVERGROWN AND TANGLED SHRUBBERY INLIGHT FOREST,FOREST EDGE,GARDENS,CULTIVATION,TALL GRASSLANDS.
29 CMS.,WHITE SPOTTING ON BLACK THROAT,WHITE SPOTS ON SHOULDERS,AND WHITE BARRING ON FOLDED BLACK PRIMARIES SEPARATE THIS SPECIES FROM THE OTHER FLAMEBACKS.THE BLACK RUMP DISTINGUISHES FROM ALL BUT WHITE-NAPED WOODPECKER BUT IS OFTEN DIFFICULT TO SEE ON A PERCHED INDIVIDUAL.HAS FOUR TOES.ON FEMALE FORECROWN IS BLACK STREAKED WITH WHITE,HIND CROWN IS RED.THE COMMONEST FLAMEBACK IN MOST OF THE SUBCONTINENT.SEEN IN ALL TYPES OF WOODLANDS BUT AVOIDING DENSER FOREST.
50 CMS.,THE SEXES ARE ALIKE AND THE MAIN COLOUR OF THE BODY IS CINNAMON WITH A BLACK HEAD AND THE LONG GRADUATED TAIL IS BLUISH GREY AND IS TIPPED IN BLACK.THE WING HAS A WHITE PATCH.THE ONLY CONFUSABLE SPECIES IS GREY TREEPIE WHICH HOWEVER LACKS THE BRIGHT RUFOUS MANTLE.THE BILL IS STOUT WITH A HOOKED TIP.THE UNDERPARTS AND THE LOWER BACK ARE A WARM TAWNY BROWN TO ORANGE BROWN IN COLOUR WITH WHITE WING COVERTS AND BLACK PRIMARIES.THE BILL,LEGS AND FEET ARE BLACK.THE RUFOUS TREEPIE IS AN ARBOREAL OMNIVORE FEEDING ALMOST COMPLETELY IN TREES ON FRUITS,SEEDS,INVERTEBRATES,SMALL REPTILES AND THE EGGS AND YOUNG OF THE BIRDS.IT HAS ALSO BEEN KNOWN TO TAKE FLESH FROM RECENTLY KILLED CARCASSES.IT IS AN AGILE FORAGER,CLINGING AND CLAMBERING THROUGH THE BRANCHES AND SOMETIMES JOINING MIXED HUNTING PARTIES ALONG WITH SPECIES SUCH AS DRONGOS AND BABBLERS.FOUND IN WELL-WOODED AREAS,OPEN FORESTS,PARKS ETC.,SOCIABLE.
32 CMS.,DARK PLUMAGE APART FROM THE WHITE UNDERTAIL,YELLOW LEGS AND A RED FRONTAL SHIELD.THE YOUNG ARE BROWNER AND LACK THE RED SHIELD.FRONTAL SHIELD OF THE ADULT HAS A ROUNDED TOP AND FAIRLY PARALLEL SIDES;THE TAILWARD MARGIN OF THE RED UNFEATHERED AREA IS A SMOOTH WAVING LINE.FOUND AROUND LAKES AND JHEELS WITH OPEN WATER AND FRINGING MARSHY VEGETATION.THEY CONSUME A WIDE VARIETY OF VEGETABLE MATERIAL AND SMALL AQUATIC CREATURES.THEY FORAGE BESIDE OR IN THE WATER,SOMETIMES WALKING ON LILYPADS OR UPENDING IN WATER TO FEED.THEY ARE OFTEN SECRETIVE,BUT CAN BECOME TAME IN SOME AREAS.
42CMS.,ALSO KNOWN AS EURASIAN COOT .IT IS LARGELY BLACK EXCEPT FOR THE WHITE FRONTAL SHIELD .SEEN IN LAKES,JHEELS AND TANKS.COOT IS AN OMNIVORE AND WILL TAKE A VARIETY OF SMALL LIVE PREY INCLUDING THE EGGS OF OTHER WATER BIRDS,AS WELL AS ALGAE, VEGETATION ,SEEDS AND FRUIT.IT HAS VARIATIONS IN FEEDING TECHNIQUES ,GRAZING ON LAND OR IN WATER.IN WATER IT MAY UPEND IN THE FASHION OF A MALLARD OR DIVE IN SEARCH OF FOOD.
90 CMS.,ALSO CALLED LARGE EGRET OR GREAT WHITE HERON .IT IS A LARGE HERON WITH ALL WHITE PLUMAGE.IT IS ONLY SLIGHTLY SMALLER THAN GREAT BLUE OR GREY HERON.IT HAS YELLOW BILL AND BLACK LEGS AND FEET,THOUGH THE BILL MAY BECOME DARKER AND THE LOWER LEGS LIGHTER IN THE BREEDING SEASON.IN BREEDING PLUMAGE ,DELICATE ORNAMENTAL FEATHERS ARE BORNE ON THE BACK.MALES AND FEMALES ARE IDENTICAL.LARGE SIZE SEPARATES IT FROM MOST OTHER WHITE EGRETS EXCEPT INTERMEDIATE EGRET WHEN NOT SEEN TOGETHER.DISTINGUISHED FROM INTERMEDIATE BY LONG THIN NECK WITH A SHARP, ALMOST RECTANGULAR KINK IN IT WHEN NOT FULLY EXTENDED, AND LONG SLIM DAGGER-LIKE BILL (APPEARS LONGER THAN HEAD);GAPE EXTENDS BACK BEHIND EYE;IT HAS A SLOW FLIGHT WITH ITS NECK RETRACTED.IT IS FOUND MAINLY NEAR LOWLAND JHEELS,MARGINS OF LAKES,RIVERS, CREEKS ETC.
21CMS.,MOST FAMILIAR OWL,HAS WHITE SPOTTING ON THE HEAD,FOUND NEAR VILLAGES,CULTIVATION,LIGHT FOREST,SEMI DESERT,IT HAS ALSO ADAPTED TO LIVE IN CITIES,IT NESTS IN A HOLE IN A TREE OR A BUILDING,ITS UPPER PARTS ARE GREY BROWN,HEAVILY SPOTTED WITH WHITE,UNDERPARTS ARE WHITE STREAKED WITH BROWN,FACIAL DISC IS PALE AND IRIS IS YELLOW.THERE IS A WHITE NECKBAND AND SUPERCILIUM.IT HUNTS A VARIETY OF INSECTS AND SMALL VERTEBRATES,MAY TAKE RODENTS,BATS,TOADS, SMALL SNAKES,MAY ALSO TAKE SCORPIONS AND MOLLUSCS.
21CMS.,MOST FAMILIAR OWL,HAS WHITE SPOTTING ON THE HEAD,FOUND NEAR VILLAGES,CULTIVATION,LIGHT FOREST,SEMI DESERT,IT HAS ALSO ADAPTED TO LIVE IN CITIES,IT NESTS IN A HOLE IN A TREE OR A BUILDING,ITS UPPER PARTS ARE GREY BROWN,HEAVILY SPOTTED WITH WHITE,UNDERPARTS ARE WHITE STREAKED WITH BROWN,FACIAL DISC IS PALE AND IRIS IS YELLOW.THERE IS A WHITE NECKBAND AND SUPERCILIUM.IT HUNTS A VARIETY OF INSECTS AND SMALL VERTEBRATES,MAY TAKE RODENTS,BATS,TOADS, SMALL SNAKES,MAY ALSO TAKE SCORPIONS AND MOLLUSCS.
64 CMS.,MEDIUM-SIZED BIRD OF PREY THAT IS PRIMARILY GREY-BROWN IN COLOUR WITH BROAD BLUNT WINGS AND COARSE FEATHERLESS LEGS.THEY ARE SMALLER THAN THE SIMILAR GREY-HEADED FISH EAGLE AND MAY OFTEN GET CONFUSED WITH SIMILAR SPECIES.THE LESSER FISH EAGLE HAS A BROWN BREAST WITH WHITE THIGHS AND BELLY.THEY HAVE A SHORT ROUNDED TAIL WITH A LONG NECK AND A SMALL HEAD.ADULTS HAVE YELLOW EYES AND JUVENILES HAVE BROWN EYES.FEEDS PRIMARILY ON FISH WHICH IT SNATCHES FROM WATER AS IT OBSERVES THEM FROM ABOVE ON A PERCH,WHICH MAY BE AN OVERHANGING TREE OR A ROCK IN THE MIDDLE OF A STREAM.THEY HAVE SEVERAL PERSONAL PERCHES THAT THEY OFTEN SWITCH BETWEEN THROUGHOUT THEIR FEEDING TIME.THEY INHABIT VARIOUS FORMS OF RIVERS,LAKES AND WETLANDS AND ARE SEEN MOST OFTEN ALONG HILL STREAMS AND FAST MOVING WATERS.
20CMS.,BLACK AND WHITE BIRD WITH A LONG TAIL,MALE HAS BLACK UPPER PARTS,HEAD AND THROAT APART FROM A WHITE SHOULDER PATCH. UNDERPARTS AND SIDES OF LONG TAIL ARE WHITE.COMMONLY SEEN IN PARKS,GARDENS,SCRUB,FOREST.NOT PARTICULARLY SHY.THEY NEST IN TREE HOLLOWS,NICHES IN WALLS OR BUILDINGS,THEY FEED ON INSECTS AND OTHER INVERTEBRATES,OCCASIONALLY THEY CAN FEED ON FLOWER NECTAR,LEECHES,CENTIPEDES AND EVEN FISH.FEMALES ARE GREYISH BLACK ABOVE AND GREYISH WHITE BELOW.THEY ARE PARTICULARLY WELL KNOWN FOR THEIR SONGS.
13 TO 14 CMS. FROM BILL TO TAIL.IT HAS A ROUNDED HEAD WITH A NARROW PALE-GREY STRIPE ARCHING OVER CONSPICUOUS BLACK EYES AND SHORT ROUNDED WINGS.THEY ARE RICH CHESTNUT OR DARK REDDISH-BROWN COLOUR ON THE UPPER PARTS.THEY ARE PALE-GREY ON THE THROAT AND STOMACH WITH LONGER AND BROADER TAIL THAN MANY OTHER WARBLERS.BOTH SEXES LOOK ALIKE.CETTI’S WARBLER USUALLY INHABITS DAMP AREAS INCLUDING PONDS,LAKES,MARSHES AND RIVERS.IT IS INSECTIVOROUS.THEY PREY ON ARTHROPODS,SUCH AS SMALL SOFT BODIED INSECTS AND LARVAE.THEY PREFER TINY INSECTS BECAUSE THEY CAN DIGEST THEM FASTER.
63CMS.,DISTINCTLY SMALLER THAN GREAT CORMORANT.HARD TO SEPARATE FROM LITTLE CORMORANT ON SIZE UNLESS SEEN TOGETHER BUT NOTE THE LONG SLENDER BILL(AND SHALLOW FOREHEAD).BREEDING BIRD IS DISTINGUISHED BY WHITE TUFT BEHIND EAR COVERTS,PURPLISH BLACK GULAR SKIN,GREENISH-BRONZE SHEEN TO UPPERPARTS,AND EMERALD-GREEN EYES.NONBREEDING HAS YELLOW GULAR SKIN NOT USUALLY EXTENDING TO EYE.FOUND NEAR LAKES,RIVERS,JHEELS,CREEKS ETC.INDIAN CORMORANT MAKES SHORT DIVES TO CAPTURE FISH AND A GROUP WILL OFTEN FISH COMMUNALLY,FORMING A BROAD FRONT TO DRIVE FISH IN TO A CORNER.
63CMS.,DISTINCTLY SMALLER THAN GREAT CORMORANT.HARD TO SEPARATE FROM LITTLE CORMORANT ON SIZE UNLESS SEEN TOGETHER BUT NOTE THE LONG SLENDER BILL(AND SHALLOW FOREHEAD).BREEDING BIRD IS DISTINGUISHED BY WHITE TUFT BEHIND EAR COVERTS,PURPLISH BLACK GULAR SKIN,GREENISH-BRONZE SHEEN TO UPPERPARTS,AND EMERALD-GREEN EYES.NONBREEDING HAS YELLOW GULAR SKIN NOT USUALLY EXTENDING TO EYE.FOUND NEAR LAKES,RIVERS,JHEELS,CREEKS ETC.INDIAN CORMORANT MAKES SHORT DIVES TO CAPTURE FISH AND A GROUP WILL OFTEN FISH COMMUNALLY,FORMING A BROAD FRONT TO DRIVE FISH IN TO A CORNER.
HAVE YELLOW LEGS.THEY HAVE A GREY BACK,SLIGHTLY DARKER THAN HERRING GULLS BUT LIGHTER THAN LESSER BLACK-BACKED GULLS.THEY ARE MUCH WHITE HEADED IN AUTUMN AND HAVE MORE EXTENSIVELY BLACK WING TIPS WITH FEW WHITE SPOTS,JUST AS LESSER BLACK-BACKED.THEY HAVE A RED SPOT ON THE BILL AS ADULTS.THERE IS A RED RING AROUND THE EYETHEY ARE OMNIVORES ,THEY WILL SCAVENGE ON RUBBISH TIPS AND ELSEWHERE AS WELL AS SEEKING SUITABLE PREY IN FIELDS OR ON THE COASTS, OR ROBBING SMALLER GULLS AND OTHER SEABIRDS OF THEIR CATCHES.
28 CMS.,LARGE KINGFISHER THE ADULT HAS A BRIGHT BLUE BACK,WINGS AND TAIL.ITS HEAD,SHOULDERS,FLANKS AND LOWER BELLY ARE CHESTNUT, AND THE THROAT AND BREAST ARE WHITE.THE LARGE BILL AND THE LEGS ARE BRIGHT RED.THE FLIGHT OF THE WHITE-THROATED KINGFISHER IS RAPID AND DIRECT,THE SHORT ROUNDED WINGS WHIRRING.IN FLIGHT LARGE WHITE PATCHES ARE VISIBLE ON THE BLUE AND BLACK WINGS.SEXES ARE SIMILAR.WHITE-THROATED KINGFISHER IS A COMMON SPECIES OF A VARIETY OF HABITATS,MOSTLY OPEN COUNTRY IN THE PLAINS
42CMS.,THE MOST COMMON AND WIDESPREAD PARAKEET THROUGHOUT MOST OF THE REGION.MALE IS LARGELY SLIM GREEN BIRD DISTINGUISHED BY THE BLACK AND ROSE COLLAR,ABSENT IN FEMALE.BOTH MALE AND FEMALE ARE MUCH SMALLER AND SMALLER BILLED THAN THE SIMILARLY PLUMAGED ALEXANDRINE PARAKEET AND LACK THAT SPECIES’S OBVIOUS MAROON SHOULDER PATCH.THE TAIL ACCOUNTS FOR A LARGE PORTION OF THEIR TOTAL LENGTH.FOUND MAINLY IN LOWLANDS,VARIETY OF (MAINLY BROADLEAVED) WOODED HABITATS INCLUDING VICINITY OF MAN;CULTIVATION.
25 CMS.,ALSO CALLED AS RUFOUS BACKED SHRIKE. THE COMMONEST SHRIKE THROUGHOUT MOST OF ITS RANGE.SEPARATED FROM MOST OTHER GREY MANTLED SHRIKES BY THE RUFOUS FLANKS AND LONG TAIL.FAVOURS DRY OPEN HABITATS AND IS FOUND PERCHED PROMINENTLY ATOP A BUSH OR ON A WIRE.THE DARK MASK THROUGH THE EYE IS BROAD AND COVERS THE FOREHEAD IN MOST SUBSPECIES AND THE WHOLE HEAD IS BLACK IN SUBSPECIES TRICOLOR AND NASUTUS.THE TAIL IS NARROW AND GRADUATED WITH PALE RUFOUS ON THE OUTER FEATHERS.A SMALL AMOUNT OF WHITE IS PRESENT AT THE BASE OF THE PRIMARIES.
20 CMS.,IT HAS BROWN UPPER PARTS AND WHITISH UNDERPARTS WITH BUFF FLANKS AND A DARK SPUR RUNNING ONTO THE BREAST AT SHOULDER LEVEL.IT HAS A TALL POINTED BLACK CREST,RED FACE PATCH AND THIN BLACK MOUSTACHIAL LINE.THE TAIL IS LONG AND BROWN WITH WHITE TERMINAL FEATHER TIPS,BUT THE VENT AREA IS RED.THIS IS A BIRD OF LIGHTLY WOODED AREAS,MORE OPEN COUNTRY WITH BUSHES AND SHRUBS AND FARMLAND.THEY FEED ON FRUITS,NECTAR AND INSECTS.
